华北克拉通古老大陆地壳组成及演化

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万渝生, 董春艳, 颉颃强, 郑建平, 刘守偈, 马铭株, 谢士稳, 任鹏, 孙会一, 刘敦一. 华北克拉通古老大陆地壳组成及演化[J].中国地质调查, 2015,2(3): 1-4.
WAN Yu-sheng, DONG Chun-yan, XIE Hang-qiang, ZHENG Jian-ping, LIU Shou-jie, MA Ming-zhu, XIE Shi-wen, REN Peng, SUN Hui-yi, LIU Dun-yi. Composition and Evolution of the Ancient Basement of the North China Craton[J].Geological Survey of China, 2015,2(3): 1-4.
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华北克拉通古老大陆地壳组成及演化

万渝生¹, 董春艳¹, 颉颃强¹, 郑建平², 刘守偈¹, 马铭株¹, 谢士稳¹, 任鹏¹, 孙会一¹, 刘敦一¹

1. 中国地质科学院地质研究所北京离子探针中心,北京 100037

2. 中国地质大学地球科学学院地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074

作者简介: 万渝生(1958—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事早前寒武纪地质和锆石年代学研究。Email: wanyusheng@bjshrimp.cn。

收稿日期: 2015-01-17

基金资助: 中国地质调查“华北克拉通太古宙早期古老陆壳物质的寻找、鉴别和研究(编号:1212011120151)”、“华北克拉通太古宙早期陆核形成与演化(编号:12120114021301)”、国家“973”项目“太古宙陆壳增生与条带状铁矿发育规律(编号:2012CB416601)”、国家自然科学基金项目“鲁西花岗-绿岩带的形成和演化:地质、地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年(编号:41172127)”等项目联合资助

摘要

对鞍本、冀东、鲁西、阴山等早前寒武纪典型地区和深部物质进行了深入研究,总结了华北克拉通早期地壳形成演化历史。揭示出鄂尔多斯地块本身强烈卷入了古元古代晚期构造热事件。首次在华北克拉通划分出3个>2.6 Ga古陆块。

关键词: 华北克拉通; 太古宙; 构造划分; Hf同位素

中图分类号:P534.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-8706(2015)03-0001-04

Composition and Evolution of the Ancient Basement of the North China Craton

WAN Yu-sheng¹, DONG Chun-yan¹, XIE Hang-qiang¹, ZHENG Jian-ping², LIU Shou-jie¹, MA Ming-zhu¹, XIE Shi-wen¹, REN Peng¹, SUN Hui-yi¹, LIU Dun-yi¹

1. Beijing SHRIMP Center, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

Abstract

We carried out integrated geological, geochronological and geochemical studies on typical early Precambrian areas of the North China Craton, such as Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, western Shandong and Yinshan, and synthesized the general geological records of the Archean basement relating to Archean crust formation and evolution of the North China Craton. This study also revealed that the Ordos basement was involved in a widespread late Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal event. We defined and outlined three ancient terranes containing abundant 3.8~2.6 Ga rocks for the first time in the North China Craton, namely the Eastern Ancient Terrane, Southern Ancient Terrane and Central Ancient Terrane.

Keyword: North China Craton; Archean; tectonic subdivision; Hf isotope

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0 引言

本文报道了中国地质调查局项目“ 华北克拉通太古宙早期古老陆壳物质的寻找、鉴别和研究” 等项目的主要成果。由中国地质科学院地质研究所和中国地质大学(武汉)共同完成。此外, 还得到国家“ 973” 项目和国家自然科学基金项目资助。主要成果已在Chemical Geology, Precambrian Research, Gondwana Research, Lithos, American Journal of Science, 《岩石学报》、《地质学报》等国内外刊物上发表^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]}。一些重要成果已被地质志采用。

1 主要成果

(1) 鞍山-本溪地区:①在深沟寺杂岩一个很短的剖面识别出~3 780 Ma、3 600~3 660 Ma、~3 450 Ma、3 330~3 310 Ma和~3 140 Ma等多期岩浆事件(图1), 白家坟杂岩和东山杂岩具类似特征。露头尺度就记录了长期连续的岩浆作用, 在全球范围也十分罕见。研究表明, 中太古代之前地壳增生以垂直方式为主; ②对2.5~3.8 Ga岩石开展了广泛的锆石原位高分辨率O同位素研究, 表明3.8 Ga鞍山就存在壳内再循环作用; ③对亚洲最大规模的2.5 Ga正长花岗岩开展了地质、年代学和地球化学综合研究, 它们形成于伸展构造体制, 是成熟度高的古老陆壳物质再循环的产物, 与该区存在长期地质演化历史有关。

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	图1 鞍山深沟寺杂岩地质剖面和样品位置, 锆石年龄记录了3.1~3.8 Ga长期连续的地质过程(括号内的in和me分别代表残余锆石和变质锆石年龄)Fig.1 Photographic mosaic showing the studied section of the Shengousi Complex, with the sample sites marked.Zircons recorded 3.1 to 3.8 Ga ages (in and me mean inherited and metamorphic zircons respectively)

(2) 冀东地区:在新的岩石类型角闪片麻岩和石榴黑云片麻岩中发现大量3.4~3.8 Ga碎屑锆石, 其Hf同位素组成揭示物源区存在多期地幔添加作用。表明冀东是我国除鞍山之外又一始太古代(> 3.6 Ga)陆壳物质分布区, 其深入研究有望发现始太古代岩石。根据最年轻碎屑锆石和变质锆石年龄, 限定曹庄岩系形成于2.5~3.4 Ga之间, 而不是以往认为的3.5 Ga。首次发现3.4 Ga岩石。

(3) 鲁西地区:鲁西是华北克拉通迄今所知新太古代早期和晚期深成侵入岩和表壳岩都发育的唯一地区, 对该区太古宙地质演化历史进行了总结。①发现大量2.6~2.75 Ga岩石; ②分辨出新太古代早期和晚期两个不同时代的表壳岩系; ③把鲁西花岗绿岩带划分为3个岩带; ④把鲁西花岗绿岩带形成演化划分为新太古代早期(2.6~2.75 Ga)和新太古代晚期(2.5~2.6 Ga)两个阶段; ⑤在2 525 Ma左右, 鲁西地区构造体制从挤压转变为伸展。

(4) 阴山地区:④识别出新太古代早中期(2.6~2.7 Ga)TTG岩石和古元古代中晚期(1.9~2.2 Ga)花岗质岩石; ②确定存在新太古代晚期-古元古代早期(2.47~2.51 Ga)和古元古代晚期(1.86~1.94 Ga)两期重大构造热事件; ③阴山地块与孔兹岩带和华北克拉通东部早前寒武纪基底十分类似。为从总体上认识华北克拉通早前寒武纪地质演化历史提供了重要资料。

(5) 对年轻火山岩中的深源包体进行了系统深入的岩相学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb及Hf同位素研究, 总结了华北克拉通深源包体提供的深部过程的大量信息。在广泛地区鉴别出新太古代地幔添加和壳内再循环作用及古元古代晚期构造热事件。

(6) 对鄂尔多斯盆地深部钻孔的早前寒武纪变质基底岩石样品进行了锆石定年和Hf同位素分析。研究表明, 与华北克拉通其他许多地区一样, 鄂尔多斯地块本身也卷入了古元古代晚期强烈构造热事件, 而不是作为太古宙陆块与其他陆块碰撞拼合。现有涉及华北克拉通西部的构造模型都需修改。

(7) 对各典型地区太古宙地壳形成演化及华北克拉通新太古代晚期正长花岗岩和BIF铁矿、构造岩浆热事件进行了系统总结。从太古宙岩石的锆石年龄-Hf同位素组成关系可以看出, 华北克拉通存在多期次的构造岩浆热事件及地幔添加和壳内再循环作用(图2)。结合面上工作, 在华北克拉通首次划分出3个古陆块(> 2.6 Ga), 即东部古陆块、南部古陆核和中部古陆块(图3)。

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	图2 华北克拉通太古宙岩石的锆石年龄-ε _Hf(t)图(短线:¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf=0.015; 点线:¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf=0.01)Fig.2 ε _Hf(t) vs. formation age diagram for zircons of Archean rocks from the North China Craton (Dotted and dashed lines represent felsic crust with ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf being 0.01 and 0.015, respectively)

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	图3 华北克拉通太古宙早期(> 2.6 Ga)古陆块(古陆核)分布图(EAT. 东部古陆块; SAT. 南部古陆块; CAT. 中部古陆块)Fig.3 Distribution of ancient (> 2.6 Ga) terranes in the North China Craton (EAT. Eastern Ancient Terrane; SAT. Southern Ancient Terrane; CAT. Central Ancient Terrane)

2 成果意义

华北克拉通在许多方面与全球其他典型克拉通类似, 不同的是, 华北克拉通遭受了新太古代晚期强烈构造热事件的叠加改造。古老陆块区划可作为今后一段时间华北克拉通太古宙地质研究的工作模型, 对古老物质寻找、新太古代晚期构造体制研究和太古宙BIF铁矿找矿靶区确定都具有重要意义。鄂尔多斯基底研究为建立新的华北克拉通古元古代晚期构造模型提供了可能。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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2012

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董春艳, 马铭株, 刘守偈, 等. 华北克拉通古元古代中期伸展体制新证据: 鞍山-弓长岭地区变质辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和全岩地球化学[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28: 2785-2792.

This paper reports whole-rock geochemistry and zircon geochronology of Middle Paleoproterozoic meta-gabbro from the Anshan-Gongchangling area, eastern North China Craton. Based on geochemical compositions, the meta-gabbro can be divided into two types. Type 1 is high in FeO T and low in MgO, with TREE contents and (La/Yb) N values of 107.5×10 -6 ~114.0×10 -6 and 2.6~2.7. They are not obviously depleted in Nb, P and Ti, and show strong depletion in Cr. Type 2 meta-gabbro is high in SiO 2 and low in FeO T , showing a higher (La/Yb) N ratio (6.8) and stronger depletion of Nb compared with type 1 meta-gabbro. SHRIMP dating of type 1 meta-gabbro yielded a weighted mean 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age of 2110±30Ma for baddeleyite and magmatic zircon and an upper intercept age of ~2.95Ga for trapped zircon. Type 1 meta-gabbro is formed by strong recrystallization-differentiation of mafic magma staying a long period at a deep magmatic chamber, supporting a conclusion that the North China Craton was in an extensional regime during the Middle Paleoproterozoic period.

本文报道了华北克拉通鞍山-弓长岭地区古元古代中期变质辉长岩的锆石定年结果和地球化学组成。根据地球化学组成特征,可把变质辉长岩划分为两种类型。类型1变质辉长岩低MgO高FeO T ,稀土总量高(TREE=107.5×10 -6 ~114.0×10 -6 ),轻重稀土分离不强((La/Yb) N =2.6~2.7),高场强元素Nb、P、Ti无明显亏损,相容元素Cr强烈亏损。类型2变质辉长岩高SiO 2 低FeO T ,轻重稀土分离更强((La/Yb) N =6.8),高场强元素 Nb和相容元素Cr存在一定程度的亏损。类型1变质辉长岩的斜锆石和岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,年龄为2110±31Ma,捕获锆石年龄为~2.95Ga。研究表明,类型1辉长岩是偏超基性-基性岩浆在深部岩浆房停留较长时间经历强烈结晶分异的产物。支持了华北克拉通在古元古代中期处于伸展体制构造环境的认识。

... 主要成果已在Chemical Geology, Precambrian Research, Gondwana Research, Lithos, American Journal of Science,《岩石学报》、《地质学报》等国内外刊物上发表^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]} ...

2013

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董春艳, 万渝生, 张玉海, 等. 鞍山地区东山杂岩3. 3 ~ 3. 1 Ga岩浆作用: 地球化学和锆石定年[J]. 岩石学报, 2013, 29: 414-420.

This paper reports 3.33~3.14Ga magmatism recorded in an outcrop of the Dongshan Complex in Anshan. 3.33Ga gabbro is cut by 3.28Ga and 3.14Ga trondhjemites, with all showing metamorphism and deformation to different degrees. Meta-gabbro is high in FeO T and low in MgO, characterized by high ΣREE contents and weak light/heavy REE differentiation. Trondhjemites are high in Na 2 O and low in K 2 O, showing strong light/heavy REE differentiation. The well-developed Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean magmatism probably suggests a long-term high-temperature process relating to mantle activity.

本文报道了鞍山地区东山杂岩一露头尺度上所记录的3.33~3.14Ga岩浆作用。3.33Ga辉长岩被3.28Ga和3.14Ga奥长花岗岩切割, 显示不同程度的变质变形。变质辉长岩高FeO T 、低MgO, 稀土总量高, 轻重稀土分离不强; 片麻状奥长花岗岩高Na 2 O低K 2 O, 轻重稀土强烈分离。鞍山地区在古太古代-中太古代期间存在强烈岩浆作用, 可能反映了长期的高热状态。

2012

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2013

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马铭株, 徐仲元, 张连昌, 等. 内蒙古武川县西乌兰不浪地区早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP定年及Hf同位素组成[J]. 岩石学报, 2013, 29: 501-516.

This paper reports SHRIMP U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircons from Archean basement in the Xi Ulanbulang area, Wuchuan, western North China Craton (NCC). Zircons from a trondhjemite gneiss sample show core-rim textures, with magmatic cores and metamorphic rims having weighted mean 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages of 2692±17Ma and 2528±16Ma, respectively. Hf isotope analyses have been carried out on zircons from 9 samples. Magmatic zircons of Early Neoarchean (2692~2697Ma) trondhjemite gneisses (2 samples) have ε Hf ( t ), t DM1 (Hf) and t DM2 (Hf) being 4.78~8.83, 2646~2780Ma and 2632~2845Ma, respectively. Captured zircons of Neoarchean two-pyroxene granulite (2 samples) have ε Hf ( t ), t DM1 (Hf) and t DM2 (Hf) of -2.30~8.62, 2543~2954Ma and 2529~3189Ma. Neoarchean meta-intrusive rocks (4 samples) have magmatic zircons with ε Hf ( t ) values of -2.60~8.09, t DM1 (Hf) ages of 2529~2880Ma and t DM2 (Hf) ages of 2538~3089Ma. Analyses on detrital zircons from a Paleoproterozoic kyanite-garnet felsic gneiss yielded ε Hf ( t ) values ranging from 1.52 to 6.59 and t DM1 (Hf) and t DM2 (Hf) model ages of 2432~2774Ma and 2498~2925Ma. Combined with early studies, we draw conclusions as follows: 1) in the study area, there are Early Neoarchean TTG rocks which underwent strong metamorphism at the end of Neoarchean together with Late Neoarchean rocks; 2) Early Neoarchean is an important period when continental crust was formed, however, in Late Neoarchean, reworking of older continental materials played an important role; 3) Guyang-Wuchuan, a typical area of the Archean Yinshan block, is similar to the Archean basement of the eastern NCC in many aspects, supporting an idea that the NCC had already been a single unit at the end of the Neoarchean.

本文报道了华北克拉通西部武川西乌兰不浪地区太古宙变质基底的锆石SHRIMP年龄和Hf同位素组成。一个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的锆石具核边结构,核部岩浆锆石和边部变质锆石的 207 Pb/ 206 Pb加权平均年龄分别为2692±17Ma和2528±16Ma。对9个样品进行了锆石Hf同位素分析。新太古代早期(2692~2697Ma)片麻状奥长花岗岩(2个样品)的岩浆锆石的 ε Hf ( t )、 t DM1 (Hf)和 t DM2 (Hf)分别为4.78~8.83、2646~2780Ma和2632~2845Ma;新太古代二辉麻粒岩(2个样品)中的捕获锆石的 ε Hf ( t )、 t DM1 (Hf)和 t DM2 (Hf)分别为-2.30~8.62、2543~2954Ma和2529~3189Ma;新太古代变质深成岩(4个样品)的岩浆锆石的 ε Hf ( t )、 t DM1 (Hf)和 t DM2 (Hf)分别为-2.60~8.09、2529~2880Ma和2538~3089Ma;古元古代蓝晶石榴长英质片麻岩(1个样品)的碎屑锆石的 ε Hf ( t )、 t DM1 (Hf)和 t DM2 (Hf)分别为1.52~6.59、2432~2774Ma和2498~2925Ma。结合前人研究结果,可得出如下结论和认识:1)该区存在新太古代早期片麻状奥长花岗岩,太古宙岩石在新太古代晚期普遍遭受高级变质作用影响;2)新太古代早期为该区地壳形成主要时期,新太古代晚期则主要表现为陆壳物质再循环;3)作为阴山地块的典型代表,固阳-武川地区与华北克拉通东部太古宙基底十分类似,可能表明华北克拉通在新太古代晚期已成为统一的整体。

2012

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万渝生, 刘敦一, 王世进, 等. 华北克拉通鲁西地区早前寒武纪表壳岩重新划分和BIF形成时代[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28: 3457-3475.

鲁西花岗-绿岩带是华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质基底典型代表。表壳岩系包括泰山岩群、孟家屯岩组和济宁岩群。其中,泰山岩群是鲁西地区规模最大的表壳岩系,曾认为形成于新太古代早期,而济宁岩群曾认为形成于古元古代。根据野外地质和表壳岩系及相关岩石的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,本文对表壳岩系形成时代进行了重新划分。1)新太古代早期(2.70～2.75Ga)表壳岩系,包括原泰山岩群的雁翎关岩组和柳行岩组下段的大部分及孟家屯岩组。2)新太古代晚期(2.525～2.56Ga)表壳岩系,包括原泰山岩群的山草峪岩组、柳行岩组上段和下段的一部分及济宁岩群。它们在岩石组合、变质变形等方面存在明显区别,BIF形成于新太古代晚期。这是华北克拉通迄今唯一分辨出新太古代早期和晚期表壳岩系的地区。

2012

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万渝生, 董春艳, 颉颃强, 等. 华北克拉通早前寒武纪条带状铁建造形成时代: SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb定年[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86: 1447-1478.

Beijing SHRIMP Center, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037; Shandong Regional Geological Survey, Jinan, 250013; Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jinan, 250013; College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061; Henan Regional Geological Survey, Zhengzhou, 450001; Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170

华北克拉通是我国早前寒武纪条带状铁建造（BIF）最重要的分布区。近年来大量锆石定年研究表明，华北克拉通BIF形成于始太古代到古元古代早期，但主要为新太古代晚期（2.50~2.55 Ga）。最重要的BIF分布于华北克拉通东部的鞍本、冀东和鲁西地区，沉积环境相对稳定是大规模BIF形成的重要条件。华北克拉通新太古代晚期BIF形成的构造环境还不十分清楚，但可能为岛弧构造环境。BIF明显的时代专属性是地质和大气演化的结果。

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