The H and O isotopecompositions of the Yangtze River water was investigated on the samples collected from 25 hydrological stations in the mainstem and 13 hydrological stations in the main tributaries during 2003～2007.Large variation ranges were observed for D(-30‰～-112‰) and -3.8‰～-15.4‰)。Along the river cource(from the river head to the river mouth), the H and O isotope compositions of the river water collected in different time period desplay always a similar variation pattern, i. e. the Dand  values decrease graduary from the river head to the Panzhihua station and then increase graduary from the Panzhihua station to the river mouth.It is found that the meteorical water is the most important factor to control the Dand  values of the Yangtze River water. The Dand variation trend from the Panzhihua station to the river mouth is parallel to the Dand variation trend of the meteoric water in the drainage area. The difference of Dand compositions between various tributaries and its effect to the Dand O of the mainstem reflects also the constraint of the meteoric water to the Yangtze River water.Evaporation has also important effect to the H and O isotope compositions of the Yangtze River water.The river head of the Yngtze is located in the Qinghai-Tibert Plateau,where lakes and marshes are very abundant.Due to very dry weather and strong sunshine,the water in lakes and marshes experinced longterm evaporation will have higher salinity and heavier and O isotope compositions. The water Input from these lakes and marshes into the Yangtze River will effect the and O isotope compositions of the river water. It is found that evaporation can also raise the D and 18O values of the water of Dongting and Poyang lakes during the dry season and lead to a incease of the D and 18O values in the water of related section of the Yangtze.The melting of snow and ice is also an important factor effecting the and O isotope compositions of the Yangtze River. The snow and ice melting water is an important source in the river head and the heads of all tributaries, that flow into the mainstem of the Yangtze from left side. Due to the snow and ice melting water has unique H and O isotope composition, the contribution of this kind of water can effect the H and O isotope composition of the Yangtze River water.The Three Gorge Dam has huge influence on the hydrodynamic system of the Yangtze and the effect of Three Gorge Reservoir to the water resource of the Yangtze is waiting for long term monitoring.According to the data of this study, the Three Gorge Dam has little effect to the H and O isotope composition of the water in related section of the Yangtze in the high water season. However, it show clear influence to the H and O isotope composition of the water in section from Yichang to Shashi in the low water season by changing the contribution of different water sources .The present state and variation trend of water resource of the Yangtze is a very important topic that receive high attention of various parties.For getting better understanding on this issue, we need to know more on the correlation between variation of water resource and various meteoric and hydrological factors and the interaction between river water and other waters, such as the meteoric water, underground water, lake water and ice and snow melting water。The H and O isotope tracing method can play a key role for solving these problems. As the available data are still limited, we can not trace the variation trend of the meteoric and hydrological conditions of the Yangtze River area by the H and O isotopes in detail at present. However, we believe that a conbination of proper H and O isotope study with conventional meteoric and hydrological investigation can be very helpful to understand the variation trend of water resource in the Yangtze River system.

在2003～2007年间，在长江干流的25个水文站及主要支流的13个水文站系统采样，进行了氢氧同位素研究。观测到的D变化范围为-30‰～-112‰,变化范围为-3.8‰～-15.4‰。从长江源头到河口，不同时期的样品均显示相同的氢氧同位素沿程变化特征。从源头到攀枝花，长江干流的D与逐步下降；而由攀枝花到入海口，D与值逐渐升高。研究发现，控制长江水的氢氧同位素组成的主要因素是大气降水。长江干流D与值所展现的从攀枝花至河口逐渐升高的趋势就是对流域大气降水的D与变化趋势的响应。长江各支流在氢氧同位素组成上的差别及其对干流的影响也反映大气降水对长江水的制约。蒸发作用对长江水的氢氧同位素组成也有重要影响。长江源头地处青藏高原，高原湖泊和沼泽星罗棋布。由于气候干燥、日照强烈，湖沼水经过长期的蒸发，盐度逐渐加大，D和18O值也逐渐升高。这些湖水的加入对长江水的氢氧同位素组成也造成一定影响。蒸发作用在枯水期也使洞庭湖与鄱阳湖的D和18O值升高，进而提高长江相关河段的D和18O值。冰雪融化是影响长江水的氢氧同位素组成的另一重要因素。在长江源头和所有左岸支流的源头，冰川融雪都是重要的水源之一。由于冰川水在氢氧同位素组成上的特殊性，其对河水贡献的大小将影响河水的氢氧同位素组成。三峡大坝对于长江的水动力体系影响巨大，三峡水库对长江水资源的调控作用有待长期观测研究。从本次的研究资料来看，三峡大坝在丰水期对相应河段的氢氧同位素变化趋势影响不大。但在枯水季节，三峡水库蓄水使下游的宜昌和沙市的水源发生明显变化，导致D和18O值的显著降低。长江水资源状况及其演变趋势是受到各方面高度关注的重要研究课题。为深入探讨这一问题,需要了解长江水资源的变化与各种气象与水文要素之间的关系，查明大气降水、地下水、冰川水、湖水与河水之间的交互作用。而氢氧同位素示踪技术在这方面可以发挥关键性的作用。由于现有资料有限，目前还无法利用氢氧同位素组成来追溯其气候条件的详细演化过程。但若能在进行系统水文测量的同时，适当开展氢氧同位素测定，将对研究长江水资源状况及其演变趋势大有脾益。

The H and O isotope compositions of water from the Yellow River were investigated in this study. The samples were collected at 24 hydrological stations along the mainstream of the Yellow River, from the source region to the Bohai Sea, during July 2005. The δD and δ18O values of water samples vary from -91~ -44‰ and -12.4~ -4.2‰ respectively. The δD and δ18O values both increased gradually from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, except for the sample from No. 1 station. The correlation between δD and δ18O follow an equation of δD=5.69δ18O-15.51. The slope of this equation (5.69) is lower than the slope of meteoric water line for the Yellow River basin (δD=6.71δ18O-5.96), and much smaller than that of meteoric water line in China (δD=7.9δ18O+8.2). It is infered that the δD and δ18O value is mainly affected by by the arid natural environment of the Yellow River. When precipitation fell to the surface, the mount of runoff is greatly reduced by dams, industrial and agricultural water. The evaporation of the Yellow River itself and water circulation use for a long time cause further evaporation. At the same time the δD values variation of the Yellow River were discussed, indicating that the values reflect the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition characteristics of the Yellow River water impacted by regional environment, trends in precipitation clouds in the migration process and participation degree of regional water vapor circulation.

2005年7月从黄河源头到渤海入海口沿黄河干流系统采集了24个水样，对水的氢氧同位素组成进行了分析。黄河水δD 和δ18O值的变化范围分别为-91‰~-44‰和-12.4‰~-4.2‰，并且二者都表现出从上游到下游整体逐渐上升的趋势，但青海玛多样品除外。黄河水δ18O和δD的线性关系方程为δD=5.69×δ18O-15.51，其斜率5.69稍低于整个黄河流域雨水方程(δD=6.7×1δ18O-5.96)的斜率6.71，明显低于中国雨水方程的斜率7.9(δD=7.9×δ18O+8.2)。黄河水氢氧同位素组成的分析表明，其δD和δ18O值的变化主要受黄河流域干旱自然环境的影响。当黄河流域大气降水降至地表成为地表水后，人类筑坝和工农业取水使径流量减少，水体受本身的蒸发作用和多次循环使用导致长时间停留地表产生进一步蒸发的双重影响。同时对黄河水ΔD值的变化也进行了讨论，表明该值反映出黄河水氢氧同位素组成受到了区域环境特征、降水云团在迁移过程中的变化趋势及区域性水汽循环参与程度等因素的影响。

Based on the other researh achievements and the drilling of new boreholes,the knowledge of stratum and identify aquifers of the shallow part of the Yellow River delta (YRD) is obtained. Groundwater samples of the shallow part and water samples from the Yellow River were collected for 18〖KG*2]O, D and T analyses. The results are as the followings. Firstly,the groundwater in the shallow part of the YRD can be divided into phreatic water and confined water, whichare so different to each other. Secondly, the Yellow River recharges directly the phreatic aquifer in which groundwater moves quickly, and the mean residence time is 5.30 years. Thirdly, the groundwater kept in the confined aquifer is old marine deposit water mixed by old terrestrial groundwater. And the Yellow River water cannot reach the confined aquifer.

结合前人的研究成果和施工的钻孔资料，基本查明了黄河三角洲浅层地下水的分布和埋藏条件，分析了该区地下水和黄河水的氢氧同位素组分（18O、D和T）. 研究结果表明：(1）黄河三角洲地下浅层有潜水和承压水两个含水层，两者来自完全不同的水源； (2）潜水起源于黄河水和大气降水的入渗补给，与黄河的水力联系强，属于大气成因溶滤水；潜水水交替条件较好，平均停留时间约为5.30年； (3）承压水是海侵时侵入的海水和古大陆水混合后沉积下来的水，与黄河水的水力联系弱，属于沉积水.