东天山土屋―延东斑岩铜矿的形成时代迄今尚存在争议。前人以矿区南侧凝灰质粉砂岩夹层中所含古生物化石及区域地层对比为依据,将含矿地层时代划归为石炭纪,并推测其成矿的构造环境属于哈萨克斯坦―准噶尔板块的活动陆缘――觉罗塔格石炭纪火山岛弧。近期一些研究者通过对区内各类地质体的同位素地质年代学研究,获得了中―晚泥盆世和早石炭世的年龄信息(390～36 0 Ma) ,认为含矿火山岩和矿化斜长花岗斑岩形成于中―晚泥盆世―早石炭世。据此提出土屋和延东斑岩铜矿形成构造环境应属于塔里木板块的活动陆缘,是泥盆纪岛弧火山-深成作用的产物。在前人研究基础上,笔者对土屋和延东斑岩铜矿区的矿化斜长花岗斑岩开展了锆石SHRIMP微区原位U - Pb定年研究,获得土屋和延东矿区矿化斜长花岗斑岩体的年龄分别为334±3Ma(95 %置信度)和333±4 Ma(95 %置信度)。测定结果表明,土屋和延东斑岩型铜矿床的形成时代应归属为晚石炭世早期或早石炭世晚期,成矿作用与石炭纪钙碱性岩浆浅成侵位有关。

There distributes a lot of magmatic rocks, most of them are granitic rocks in the Jueluotag area, eastern Tisnashan, Xinjiang. The previous research on these granitic intrusions is inadequate. In this work, the geological characteristics of the major granitic plutons in the area have been investigated, and their isotopic ages are systematically dated through the zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb method. The precise age data of the 16 granitic plutons are as follows: Jingerquan pluton 376.9±3.1Ma, Xifengshan pluton 349.0±3.4Ma, Shiyingtan pluton 342±11Ma, Changtiaoshan pluton 337.4±2.8Ma, Tianmu pluton 320.2±3.1Ma, Bailingshan pluton 317.7±3.7Ma, Baishiquan pluton 303±18Ma, Dikan pluton 288.0±2.5Ma, Huangshan pluton 288±17Ma, Baishandong pluton 303±18Ma, Guandao pluton 284.1±5.8Ma, Hongshi pluton 282.7±4.2Ma, Longdong pluton 276.2±2.5Ma, Duotoushan pluton 271.7±5.5Ma, Shuangchagou pluton 252.4±2.9Ma and Tudun pluton 246.2±2.6Ma. These age data provide important information and bases for the investigations of genetic relation between the magmatic activities and the tectonic evolution in this area, as well as with the deep dynamic processes. Combined with some known chronological data of the granitic plutons in this area from other workers, this article has constrained the intrusion and crystallization time framework of the granitic plutons in Jueluotage to be between 386Ma and 230Ma. The granitoid magmatic activity can be divided into four stages, which are the Late Devonian stage (386.5~369.5Ma), the Early Carboniferous stage (349~330Ma), the Late Carboniferous to Late Permian stage (320~252Ma) and the Middle Triassic stage (246~230Ma). The early three stages of the granitoid activities tend to be lasting longer and more intense from the first to the third stage, and the third stage reached the peak in the area, and the magmatic activities in the forth stage became weak and scattered. The intrusion ages of the granitic plutons became younger from Haerlike-Dannanhu island arc belt, to Aqishan-Yamansu island arc belt, then to Kangguer-Huangshan ductile shear zone, and the granitoids also showed a youngering trend from the east of study area to the mid-west of study area, then to the ductile shear zone. Based on the post-collision theory and the results for the orogeny of Central Asia and northern Xinjiang, there display affinitive relationship between the granitoid magmatic activity and the tectonic evolution in the study area. This article further proposes a model for the evolution of granitoids in Jueluotage area: The magmatic activity in this area had undergone through the pre-collisional stage, the collisional stage, the post- collisional stage and the within-plate stage, which completely correspond with the four temporal stages of granitoids, and most of granitoids formed in the post- collisional stage. In jueluotage area, the mineralization with the four stages granitoids started from no obvious mineralization, to the porphyry copper deposits and volcanic iron deposits, then to the ductile shear zone type gold deposits and skarn-type Ag(Cu) deposits, lastly to the porphyry quartz veins deposits. The porphyry copper deposits controlled by the collisional geodynamic process and the ductile shear zone type gold deposits controlled by the post-collisional geodynamic process are the main mineralization types with granitoids in the study area. This work systematically expatiated the granitoids in Jueluotag area with the characters of temporal and spatial distribution, the relationships with the tectonic evolution and mineralization, which supplied a solid foundation for further research on the magmatic evolution and mineralization in Late Paleozoic, especially in the post- collisional stage in northern Xinjiang.

东天山觉罗塔格地区岩浆岩非常发育,以花岗岩类分布最为广泛,对其研究还较为薄弱。本文对觉罗塔格地区主要的花岗岩类岩体系统开展了地质特征研究并进行了同位素精确测年,报道了区内16个主要花岗岩类岩体的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄：镜儿泉岩体376.9±3.1Ma、西凤山岩体349.0±3.4Ma、石英滩岩体342±11Ma、长条山岩体337.4±2.8Ma、天目岩体320.2±3.1Ma、百灵山岩体317.7±3.7Ma、白石泉岩体303±18Ma、迪坎岩体288.0±2.5Ma、黄山岩体288±17Ma、白山东岩体284.5±4.5Ma、管道岩体284.1±5.8Ma、红石岩体282.7±4.2Ma、陇东岩体276.2±2.5Ma、多头山岩体271.7±5.5Ma、双岔沟岩体252.4±2.9Ma、土墩岩体246.2±2.6Ma,上述定年结果为研究区岩浆活动与区域构造演化及深部过程的关系研究提供了可靠的年代学支持。结合前人已有的部分年代学成果认为,觉罗塔格地区花岗岩类的形成年龄分布在386~230Ma之间,岩浆活动可分为晚泥盆世(386.5~369.5Ma)、早石炭世(349~330Ma)、晚石炭世-晚二叠世(320~252Ma)、早中三叠世(246~230Ma)等4个阶段。前3个阶段岩浆活动具有持续时间逐渐变长、岩浆活动逐渐加剧的特点,并在第三阶段达到顶峰,而第四阶段岩浆活动则明显变弱。花岗岩类岩浆活动在时空分布上表现为,自哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧带→阿奇山-雅满岛弧带→康古尔-黄山韧性剪切带,岩体侵位由早到晚; 自研究区东部→中西部→沿韧性剪切带,岩体侵位由老到新。结合区域构造演化研究成果认为,觉罗塔格地区花岗质岩浆活动与区域构造演化具有很强的耦合关系,花岗岩类在前碰撞阶段、主碰撞阶段、后碰撞阶段、板内阶段等4个构造演化阶段均有发育,与花岗岩类在时间分布上的4个阶段完全对应,其中尤以后碰撞构造演化阶段花岗岩类的分布最广泛、岩浆活动最强烈。觉罗塔格地区与4个阶段花岗岩类有关的成矿作用由早到晚具有无明显矿化→斑岩型铜矿、火山岩型铁矿→韧性剪切带型金矿、夕卡岩型银(铜)矿→斑岩-石英脉型钼矿的演化特点,其中以对应于主碰撞阶段的斑岩型铜矿和后碰撞阶段的韧性剪切带型金矿最为发育。本文系统阐述了东天山觉罗塔格地区中酸性岩体的时空格架、与区域构造演化的耦合、与成矿作用的关系,为北疆地区晚古生代特别是后碰撞背景下的岩浆演化及其成矿关系的研究提供了有力支持。

新发现的包古图斑岩铜矿床位于准噶尔盆地西缘，达尔布特断裂以南的包古图地区。通过对V号主要赋矿岩体及钻孔岩心的野外和镜下观察，研究了矿体矿化情况、蚀变分带特征和矿石组合。对该矿床的流体包裹体分类研究表明，主成矿期成矿温度在180℃～450℃，包裹体的形成压力多在1～9MPa。由此得出的斑岩体的侵位深度在100～600m。黄铜矿和黄铁矿的δ^34S变化范围分别是-2.4‰～-0.8％o和-2.7‰～＋0.7‰。对该矿床的初步研究认为，矿床是在埃达克质岩浆侵位到地壳浅部冷却成岩后，经历了两期含矿热液的作用而成矿的。早期形成Cu、Fe、Mo、Zn的硫化物矿物，可划分为4个成矿阶段；晚期形成Cu-Te-Bi-Au-Ag的复杂矿物组合。早期矿化形成的辉钼矿Re-0s年龄是310Ma。

In western part of China there are two large igneous provinces(LIPs): Tarim LIP and Emeishan LIP. The former one formed ca. 280Ma, while the latter 258~260Ma. Comparing the geochemical features of the basalts from two LIPs, these Permian basalts from Tarim have got the same geochemical characteristics as Emeishan basalts. Tarim basalts are enriched in Fe, Fe 2 O 3 ＝15.29%~17.97%, more than that in MORB, which tells that they are typical flood basalts coming from deep source and related to mantle plume. Ratios of rare earth elements can be used to discriminate originations of igneous rocks. From the diagram of La/Sm-Sm/Yb, we can see the samples are all above the melting line of primitive mantle composed of garnet lherzolite. That means the basalts came from low-degree partial melting of the extreme hot mantle beneath the thick lithosphere. Trace element ratios imply that the basaltic magma underwent contamination while penetrating through the continental crust. Tarim LIP resembles Emeishan LIP, i.e. they probably came from the same super mantle plume originated at the core-mantle boundary. They were coming into being while the Tarim plate and Yangtz plate were passing above the same super plume early or late because of their northward drifting in Permian.

中国西部地区发育了塔里木大火成岩省和峨眉山大火成岩省，分别形成于280Ma左右和258~260Ma。对比两个大火成岩省的玄武岩的地球化学特征，发现塔里木玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征与峨眉山玄武岩相似，Fe 2 O 3 ＝15.29%~17.97%，大于10%，比MORB富铁，指示其深源以及地幔柱源特征，为典型的溢流玄武岩。稀土元素比值显示其落在由石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成的原始地幔熔融线上，表明该玄武岩是在厚的岩石圈下由异常热的地幔经低部分熔融形成的。微量元素特征比值分析，揭示了塔里木玄武质岩浆在上升过程中受到了一定程度的地壳混染。塔里木大火成岩省和峨眉山大火成岩省一样，可能起源同一个来自于核幔边界的超级地幔柱，它们很可能是塔里木板块和扬子板块在二叠纪北向漂移过程中先后穿越同一个超级地幔柱的结果。

As one of the most important geodynamic systems, mantle plumes are not only responsible for the generation of large igneous provinces, but are also associated with many economically important mineral deposits. Plume-related magmatic sequences are found to host some specific mineralization, notably, mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions and deposits of Cr-Ti-Fe oxides and Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides, komatiite and related Fe-Ni-Cu deposits, anorthosite and Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, peralkaline complex and Nb-Ta-Zr-REE deposits, and kimberlite and diamond. We are able to identify the following as key controlling factors in plume-related mineralization: structure of a plume, magma source, crystal fractionation, sulfide saturation, crustal contamination, and intrusion processes. Reviews are also given for outstanding issues on the studies of plume-related mineralization and for some potential diagnostic geochemical indicators of mineral prospecting/evaluation (e.g., Ni in olivine, Cr in clinopyroxene and magnetite, PGE concentration and Re-Os isotopes of layered intrusions).

地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。