Abstract:Achieving carbon emission peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 in China (refer as “double carbon”objectives) is a solemn commitment to international community, which has been categorized into ecological civilization construction. Ecosystem carbon sink is an important way to achieving “double carbon” objectives and the certain requirement of high quality development of forest and grassland. The carbon storage and carbon cycle of global forest, grassland and wetland has been evaluated by international agencies. The countries listing in Appendix 1 (developed countries and transitional economies of OECD in Appendix 1 of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) have estimated the carbon emission and carbon sink in their own countries, and compiled the annual GHG lists. Besides, China has also launched five times of GHG lists, which have provided the foundation for dealing with climate change in China. During the process of establishing route maps and time tables of “double carbon” objectives, the authors suggested that not only the temporal and spatial differences between ecological carbon sink and carbon emission from energy and industry activities should be considered, but also the special features of ecological carbon sink and carbon emission. Ecological carbon sink is not the necessary option of carbon emission peak, but it is the necessary option of carbon neutrality. Ecological carbon sink should be consistent with the basic principles of the national “double carbon” objectives, and it also should be the main objectives of ecosystem construction and protection project. Besides, the carbon sink survey and measurement ability should be improved, and the carbon market and financing mechanism should also be perfected.
王国胜, 孙涛, 昝国盛, 王棒, 孔祥吉. 陆地生态系统碳汇在实现“双碳”目标中的作用和建议[J]. 中国地质调查, 2021, 8(4): 13-19.
WANG Guosheng, SUN Tao, ZAN Guosheng, WANG Bang, KONG Xiangji. Roles and suggestions of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality in China. , 2021, 8(4): 13-19.
[1] 联合国环境与发展大会.联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)[EB/OL].1992.http://www.acca21.org.cn/trs/gjhz/lhgqhbh/. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change[EB/OL].1992.http://www.acca21.org.cn/trs/gjhz/lhgqhbh/. [2] 张守攻.提升生态碳汇能力(大家手笔)[N].人民日报,2021-06-10. Zhang S G.Enhancing the capacity of ecological carbon sin-ks[N].The People’s Daily,2021-06-10. [3] 方精云,郭兆迪,朴世龙,等.1981—2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(6):804-812. Fang J Y,Guo Z D,Piao S L,et al.Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981-2000[J].Sci China Ser D:Earth Sci,2007,50(9):1341-1350. [4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020[R].Rome:FAO,2020. [5] Zhang L,Zhou G S,Ji Y H,et al.Spatiotemporal dynamic simulation of grassland carbon storage in China[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2016,59(10):1946-1958. [6] Xiao D R,Deng L,Kim D G,et al.Carbon budgets of wetland ecosystems in China[J].Glob Change Biol,2019,25(6):2061-2076. [7] 国家林业和草原局.中国森林资源报告(2014—2018)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2019. State Forestry and Grassland Administration.Forest Resources Report of China (2014-2018)[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2019. [8] Pan Y D,Birdsey R A,Fang J Y,et al.A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests[J].Science,2011,333(6045):988-993. [9] 方精云,于贵瑞,任小波,等.中国陆地生态系统固碳效应——中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”之生态系统固碳任务群研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,30(6):848-857. Fang J Y,Yu G R,Ren X B,et al.Carbon sequestration in China’s terrestrial ecosystems under climate change——progress on ecosystem carbon sequestration from the CAS strategic priority research program[J].Bull Chin Acad Sci,2015,30(6):848-857. [10] Friedlingstein P,O’Sullivan M,Jones M W,et al.Global carbon budget 2020[J].Earth Syst Sci Data,2020,12(4):3269-3340. [11] IPCC.Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5℃[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,2018. [12] 1990—2018年期间国家温室气体清单数据.联合国气候公约秘书处报告[R/OL].2019.https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-under-the-convention/greenhouse-gas-inventories-annex-i-parties/national-inventory-submissions-2019. [13] 生态环境部.中华人民共和国气候变化第三次国家信息通报[R].北京:生态环境部,2018. Ministry of Ecology and Environment.The Third National Communication of the People’s Republic of China on Climate Chan-ge[R].Beijing:Ministry of Ecology and Environment,2018. [14] Lal R.Carbon sequestration[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc B:Biol Sci,2008,363(1492):815-830. [15] UNFCCC.Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Twenty-first Session,Held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015[EB/OL].FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1,2016.https://www.un.org/zh/documents/treaty/files/FCCC-CP-2015-L.9-Rev.1.shtml. [16] 程一步,孟宪玲.二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存技术应用现状及发展方向[J].石油石化节能与减排,2014,4(5):30-35. Cheng Y B,Meng X L.Current application and development priorities of CCUS[J].Energy Conserv Emiss Reduct Pet Petrochem Ind,2014,4(5):30-35. [17] 王金南,刘兰翠.二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)项目的环境管理思考[J].低碳世界,2013(1):22-25. Wang J N,Liu L C.Considerations on environmental management of CCUS[J].Low Carbon World,2013(1):22-25. [18] 刘真真,马远.中国省域碳排放时空格局及其影响因素实证研究[J].新疆农垦经济,2021(2):53-62. Liu Z Z,Ma Y.An empirical study on the temporal and spatial pattern of China’s provincial carbon emissions and its influencing factors[J].Xinjiang State Farms Econ,2021(2):53-62. [19] 两部门联合印发《全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体规划(2021—2035年)》[J].招标采购管理,2020(6):7-8. The two departments jointly issued the “National Major Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Major Projects (2021-2035)”[J].Bidd Procure Manage,2020(6):7-8. [20] 国务院办公厅.关于科学绿化的指导意见[EB/OL].(2021-06-02).http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-06/02/content_5614922.htm. General Office of the State Council.“Guiding opinions on scienti-fic greening”[EB/OL].(2021-06-02).http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-06/02/content_5614922.htm.