|
|
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its impacts on ancient tombs in Baling Mountain Tomb Group Reserve |
XUE Xiaobin, MA Zhen, WANG Yuting, SHI Changbo, LI Zhimin |
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Institute of Hubei Geological Bureau, Hubei Jingzhou 434020, China |
|
|
Abstract There are about 560 super-large, large and medium-size tombs buried in Baling Mountain of Jingzhou in Hubei Province, which contains important historical and cultural significance. However, it is lack of in-depth understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater that affect the buried conditions of ancient tombs. Thus, it is of great importance to conduct dynamic monitoring and analysis of groundwater level to reveal the potential effect of hydrogeochemistry condition of ancient tombs. Based on hydrogeological survey, groundwater hydrochemistry, stable isotope analysis and geochemical simulation, the authors in this paper identified the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in Baling Mountain Tomb Group Reserve (BMTGR), and revealed the main hydrogeochemical processes of underground environment. The results showed that the groundwater of BMTGR originated from atmospheric rainfall. The rain water seeped through the aeration zone into the phreatic aquifer, phreatic-confined aquifer and deep confined aquifer in turn, and phreatic-confined aquifer has experienced a certain degree of evaporation. Groundwater pH value ranges from 6.50 to 8.06, showing the sightly acidic to weakly alkaline water environment condition. The main hydrochemical type of groundwater is Ca-HCO3 with TDS (total dissolved solid, TDS) range of 149.30~608.56 mg/L, and the ionic components are mainly derived from water-rock interactions. The weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks, calcite and dolomite dissolution/precipitation balance and ion exchange are the dominant control process of groundwater hydrochemistry. Vertical infiltration is an important way of groundwater migration, affecting the burial conditions of ancient tombs in BMTGR. The water environment caused by strong water-rock interaction may affect the buried conditions of ancient tombs. This research could provide scientific basis for the preservation and utilization of cultural relics and large site, and some references for geologic environment monitoring and strong nation of socialist culture.
|
Received: 03 January 2023
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 刘佑荣,陈中行,周丽珍.大型平原土体遗址主要地质病害及其保护治水工程技术研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(3):11-15. Liu Y R,Chen Z X,Zhou L Z.Research on the main geologic di-seases and the water-control technology for conservation of the sites made of soil body on the large-scale plain[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2007,19(3):11-15. [2] 官信,郑忠华,龙永芳.楚纪南故城大遗址周边古墓群保护管理现状与对策[J].江汉考古,2008(3):123-129. Guan X,Zheng Z H,Long Y F.The protection and management of ancient tombs around the ancient site of Chu Jinan[J].Jianghan Archaeology,2008(3):123-129. [3] 刘佑荣,陈中行,周丽珍.中国南方大型古遗址主要环境地质病害及其防治对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S2):3795-3800. Liu Y R,Chen Z X,Zhou L Z.Research on prevention countermeasure and main geoenvironmental cause of large-scale ancient sites in South China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3795-3800. [4] Gleeson T,Cuthbert M,Ferguson G,et al.Global groundwater su-stainability,resources,and systems in the Anthropocene[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2020,48(1):431-463. [5] Thaw M,Gebreegziabher M,Villafae-Pagán J Y,et al.Modern groundwater reaches deeper depths in heavily pumped aquifer sy-stems[J].Nature Communications,2022,13(1):5263. [6] Xue X B,Xie X J,Li J X,et al.The mechanism of iodine enrichment in groundwater from the North China Plain:insight from two inland and coastal aquifer sediment boreholes[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2022,29(32):49007-49028. [7] 王焰新,杜尧,邓娅敏,等.湖底地下水排泄与湖泊水质演化[J].地质科技通报,2022,41(1):1-10. Wang Y X,Du Y,Deng Y M,et al.Lacustrine groundwater discharge and lake water quality evolution[J].Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(1):1-10. [8] 袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等.毕节市北部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(1):12-21. Yuan J F,Deng G S,Xu F,et al.Hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwater in the northern part of the city of Bijie[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2016,43(1):12-21. [9] 王振,郭华明,刘海燕,等.玛曲高原区潜水水化学和氢氧同位素特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2021,48(1):18-26. Wang Z,Guo H M,Liu H Y,et al.Hydrochemical and hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of subsurface water in the Maqu Plateau[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2021,48(1):18-26. [10] 刘沛,黄峻川,喻晓.南伊沟水体水化学及氢氧同位素特征分析[J].中国地质调查,2023,10(1):91-99. Liu P,Huang J C,Yu X.Analysis of hydrochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of Nanyi Gully water body[J].Geological Survey of China,2023,10(1):91-99. [11] Xue X B,Li J X,Xie X J,et al.Impacts of sediment compaction on iodine enrichment in deep aquifers of the North China Plain[J].Water Research,2019,159:480-489. [12] Du Y,Deng Y M,Ma T,et al.Hydrogeochemical evidences for targeting sources of safe groundwater supply in arsenic-affected multi-level aquifer systems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:1159-1171. [13] Xue X B,Xie X J,Li J X,et al.The mechanism of iodine enrichment in groundwater from the North China Plain:insight from two inland and coastal aquifer sediment boreholes[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2022,29(32):49007-49028. [14] Wang Q R,Wang J X,Zhan H B,et al.New model of reactive transport in a single-well push-pull test with aquitard effect and wellbore storage[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2020,24(8):3983-4000. [15] 荆州博物馆.湖北荆州八岭山冯家冢楚墓2011—2012年发掘简报[J].文物,2015(2):9-27. Jingzhou Museum.The excavation of the Fengjiazhong cemetery of the Chu State at Balingshan in Jingzhou,Hubei in2011-2012[J].Cultural Relic,2015(2):9-27. [16] 荆州博物馆.湖北荆州八岭山冯家冢楚墓祭祀坑2013年发掘简报[J].文物,2015(2):28-32. Jingzhou Museum.The excavation of the fengjiazhong cemetery sacrifice pit of the Chu State at Balingshan in Jingzhou,Hubei in2013[J].Cultural Relic,2015(2):28-32. [17] 顾延生,管硕,马腾,等.江汉盆地东部第四纪钻孔地层与沉积环境[J].地球科学,2018,43(11):3989-4000. Gu Y S,Guan S,Ma T,et al.Quaternary sedimentary environment documented by borehole stratigraphical records in eastern Jianghan Basin[J].Earth Science,2018,43(11):3989-4000. [18] 柏道远,李长安.江汉盆地第四纪地质研究现状[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(6):1-6. Bai D Y,Li C A.Status of Quaternary geology research of Jianghan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2010,29(6):1-6. [19] 牛新生,黄华,郑绵平.江汉盆地潜江凹陷地下卤水地球化学特征和分布规律[J].地学前缘,2021,28(6):56-65. Niu X S,Huang H,Zheng M P.Geochemical characteristics and distribution patterns of subsurface brines in the Qianjiang Depre-ssion,Jianghan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2021,28(6):56-65. [20] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 8538-2016 食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016. The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China,The China Food and Drug Admini-stration.GB 8538-2016 Food Safety National Standard Drinking Natural Mineral Water Inspection Method[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016. [21] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5750.1-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法总则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007. The Communist Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 5750.1-2006 Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-General Principles[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007. [22] 武亚遵,万军伟,林云.湖北宜昌西陵峡地区大气降雨氢氧同位素特征分析[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(3):93-97. Wu Y Z,Wan J W,Lin Y.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for precipitation in Xiling gorge region of Yichang,Hubei Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2011,30(3):93-97. [23] 杨楠,苏春利,曾邯斌,等.基于水化学和氢氧同位素的兴隆县地下水演化过程研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2020,47(6):154-162. Yang N,Su C L,Zeng H B,et al.Evolutional processes of groundwater in Xinglong County based on hydrochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(6):154-162. [24] 薛肖斌,李俊霞,钱坤,等.华北平原原生富碘地下水系统中碘的迁移富集规律:以石家庄—衡水—沧州剖面为例[J].地球科学,2018,43(3):910-921. Xue X B,Li J X,Qian K,et al.Spatial distribution and mobilization of iodine in groundwater system of North China Plain:Taking hydrogeological section from Shijiazhuang,Hengshui to Cangzhou as an Example[J].Earth Science,2018,43(3):910-921. [25] Olea-Olea S,Alcocer J,Armienta M A,et al.Geochemical mode-ling unravels the water chemical changes along the largest Mexican river[J].Applied Geochemistry,2022,137:105157. [26] Cao J,Mai B,Chen H,et al.Investigation and analysis of groundwater-derived damage to the Shahe ancient bridge site in Xi'an,China[J].Heritage Science,2021,9(1):99. [27] El-Gohary M A.Environmental impacts:Weathering factors,mechanism and forms affected the stone decaying in Petra[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2017,135:204-212. [28] 李静. 埋藏土壤环境对文物的影响分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2018. Li J.Analysis of Influence of Buried Soil Environment on Cultural Relics[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2018. |
[1] |
LIU Pei, HUANG Junchuan, YU Xiao. Analysis of hydrochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of Nanyi Gully water body[J]. , 2023, 10(1): 91-99. |
[2] |
CHEN Wen, YU Shaowen, Zhang Hongxin, LIU Huaiqin. Spatial distribution characteristics of Nitrogen in the water body of Fengjiajiang river[J]. , 2021, 8(1): 51-59. |
[3] |
LUO Shaoqiang, XU Lin, TANG Hua, XIAO Jin, HU Lin. Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of Chazi geothermal field in Shigatse in Tibet[J]. , 2020, 7(5): 10-15. |
[4] |
DAI Zhenwei, WANG Lei, FU Yongpeng, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Fangliang, DONG Xincen, HE Xiaohei. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Laoguanhe River Basin of Danjiangkou Reservoir[J]. , 2019, 6(5): 43-49. |
[5] |
LIANG Enyun, ZOU Guangjun, PENG Yunyi, XIONG Miao. Geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions in Lijia copper mine, Zhangjiajie, Northwest Hunan[J]. , 2018, 5(6): 24-32. |
[6] |
WANG Xudong, LIU Hai, LIU Guijian. Chemical characteristics and isotope analysis of geothermal water in Fuyang area[J]. , 2018, 5(6): 11-17. |
|
|
|
|