Discovery of the bastnaesite-fluorite-barite-calcite type REE ore in the periphery of Maoniuping deposit in Sichuan Province and its significance
ZHAO Zhi1, WANG Denghong1, LIU Shanbao1, WANG Wei2,3, YU Yang1, JI Debao3, HE Bin, YU Feng1, MIAO Hao3, BAN Xiyu5, JIN Yanan2
1. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2. Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China; 3. Sichuan Geology and Minerals Group Co., Ltd., Sichuan Chengdu 610017, China; 4. China Rare Earth Group(Liangshan) Co., Ltd., Sichuan Mianning 615600, China; 5. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Abstract：Maoniuping deposit is the third largest rare earth element(REE) deposit in the world after Bayan Obo in China and Mountain Pass in the United States. Recently, a new ore-prospecting break was made in the periphery of Maoniuping deposit, and two types of thick and rich concealed rare earth ore bodies have been discovered under Quaternary sediments (more than 50 m thick) in Longjiagou area. The first type is the bastnaesite-aegirene-fluorite-barite, and the second type is the bastnaesite-fluorite-barite-calcite. The total thickness (apparent thickness) of the bastnaesite-fluorite-barite-calcite type vein exceeds 100 m, and the average REE grade is 4.6%. The X-ray diffraction analysis result shows that the ore was mainly composed of calcite (40%~75%), fluorite (25%~58%), barite (5%~25%) and bastnaesite (1%~16%). Based on the texture, structure and mineral composition of the ore, the authors divided its formation process into two stages. The ore in the early stage was mainly medium coarse granular structure, and massive structure and taxitic structure, while the ore in the late stage was medium-fine grain brecciform structure and flow structure. The discovery of this new type of ore body with high-grade, easy to mining and beneficiation is an important breakthrough in rare earth mineral exploration since the implementation of the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy. It is suggested that further geological prospecting for REE ore of bastnaesite-fluorite- barite-calcite type should be undertaken in Maoniuping mining area and its periphery.
赵芝, 王登红, 刘善宝, 王伟, 于扬, 纪德宝, 何斌, 于沨, 苗浩, 班西雨, 金雅楠. 四川省牦牛坪矿床外围氟碳铈矿-萤石-重晶石-方解石脉型稀土矿石的发现及其意义[J]. 中国地质调查, 2023, 10(5): 9-16.
ZHAO Zhi, WANG Denghong, LIU Shanbao, WANG Wei, YU Yang, JI Debao, HE Bin, YU Feng, MIAO Hao, BAN Xiyu, JIN Yanan. Discovery of the bastnaesite-fluorite-barite-calcite type REE ore in the periphery of Maoniuping deposit in Sichuan Province and its significance. , 2023, 10(5): 9-16.
[1] 施泽民,李小渝.德昌大陆槽稀土矿床的发现及其意义[J].四川地质学报,1995,15(3):216-218. Shi Z M,Li X Y.The discovery and its significance of Dalucao ore deposit of REE in Dechang[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,1995,15(3):216-218. [2] 李小渝,何庆.攀西地区稀土成矿带成矿地质特征[J].四川地质学报,2000,20(1):50-56. Li X Y,He Q.Geological features of RE mineral zone in Panzhihua-Xichang region[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2000,20(1):50-56. [3] 田世洪,侯增谦,杨竹森,等.川西冕宁—德昌REE成矿带成矿年代学研究:热液系统维系时限和构造控矿模型约束[J].矿床地质,2008,27(2):177-187. Tian S H,Hou Z Q,Yang Z S,et al.Geochronology of REE depo-sits in Mianning-Dechang REE metallogenic belt:Constraints on duration of hydrothermal activities and tectonic model for Carbo-natite-Alkalic complexes in Southwestern Sichuan[J].Mineral Deposits,2008,27(2):177-187. [4] Liu Y,Hou Z Q,Tian S H,et al.Zircon U-Pb ages of the Mia-nning-Dechang syenites,Sichuan Province,southwestern China:Constraints on the giant REE mineralization belt and its regional geological setting[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,64:554-568. [5] Yang Y H,Wu F Y,Li Q L,et al.In situ U-Th-Pb dating and Sr-Nd isotope analysis of Bastnäsite by LA- (MC)-ICP-MS[J].Geostands and Geoanalytical Research,2019,43(4):543-565. [6] 陈从德,蒲广平.牦牛坪稀土矿床地质特征及其成因初探[J].地质与勘探,1991(5):18-23. Chen C D,Pu G P.Geological features and genesis of the Maoniuping rare earth element deposit,Sichuan[J].Geology and Exploration,1991(5):18-23. [7] 蒲广平. 牦牛坪稀土矿床成矿模式及找矿方向探讨[J].四川地质学报,1993,13(1):46-57. Pu G P.A discussion on metallogenetic model and prospecting targets for Maoniuping ore deposit of rare earth elements[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,1993,13(1):46-57. [8] 阳正熙,Williams-Jones A E,蒲广平.四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床地质特征[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(2):28-34. Yang Z X,Williams-Jones A E,Pu G P.Geological features of Maoniuping REE deposit,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2000,20(2):28-34. [9] 蒋明全. 牦牛坪稀土矿床地质构造特征及其控矿意义[J].矿床地质,1992,11(4):351-358. Jiang M Q.The geological and structural feature of the Maoniuping REE deposit and its ore-controlling significance[J].Mineral Deposits,1992,11(4):351-358. [10] 袁忠信,施泽民,白鸽,等.川西冕宁牦牛坪轻稀土矿床[M].北京:地震出版社,1995:1-150. Yuan Z X,Shi Z M,Bai G,et al.Rare Earth Element Deposit in Maoniuping,Mianning,Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:Seismolo-gical Press,1995:1-150. [11] 杨光明,潘兆橹.四川昌北M稀土矿若干问题的探讨[J].地质科技情报,1990,9(3):67-71. Yang G M,Pan Z L.Some problems of Changbei M rare-earth deposit in south western Sichuan Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1990,9(3):67-71. [12] Hou Z Q,Tian S H,Xie Y L,et al.The Himalayan Mianning-Dechang REE belt associated with carbonatite alkaline complexes,eastern Indo-Asian collision zone,SW China[J].Ore Geo-logy Reviews,2009,36(1-3):65-89. [13] Wang D H,Yang J M,Yan S H,et al.A special orogenic-type rare earth element deposit in Maoniuping,Sichuan,China:Geology and geochemistry[J].Resource Geology,2001,51(3):177-188. [14] Niu H C,Shan Q,Chen X M,et al.Relationship between light rare earth deposits and mantle processes in Panxi rift,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(1):41-49. [15] 田世洪,侯增谦,袁忠信,等.川西喜马拉雅期碰撞造山带岩浆碳酸岩的地幔源区特征——Pb-Sr-Nd同位素证据[J].岩石学报,2006,22(3):669-677. Tian S H,Hou Z Q,Yuan Z X,et al.Mantle source characteristics of magmatic carbonatites from the Himalayan Collision Zone in Western Sichuan,SW China:Evidence of Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(3):669-677. [16] Xu C,Campbell I H,Kynicky J,et al.Comparison of the Dalu-xiang and Maoniuping carbonatitic REE deposits with Bayan Obo REE deposit,China[J].Lithos,2008,106(1-2):12-24. [17] Xie Y L,Li Y X,Hou Z Q,et al.A model for carbonatite hosted REE mineralisation-the Mianning-Dechang REE belt,Western Sichuan Province,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,70:595-612. [18] Liu Y,Hou Z Q.A synthesis of mineralization styles with an integrated genetic model of carbonatite-syenite-hosted REE depo-sits in the Cenozoic Mianning-Dechang REE metallogenic belt,the eastern Tibetan Plateau,southwestern China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,137:35-79. [19] Liu Y,Chakhmouradian A R,Hou Z Q,et al.Development of REE mineralization in the giant Maoniuping deposit (Sichuan,China):Insights from mineralogy,fluid inclusions,and trace-element geo-chemistry[J].Mineralium Deposita,2019,54(5):701-718. [20] Xu C,Huang Z L,Liu C Q,et al.Geochemistry of carbonatites in Maoniuping REE deposit,Sichuan Province,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(3):246-256.
2023, Vol. 10 
