Research on geological environmental impact assessment and rehabilitation of the mine: Taking an abandoned open pit mine in Wenchuan as an example
LI Fuyong1, TANG Yao2,3, ZHANG Chengxin4, YANG Li1, FAN Dongli2,3
1. 207 Geological Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Exploration & Development of Geology & Mineral Resources, Sichuan Leshan 614000, China;
2. Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610045, China;
3. Major Hazard Measurement and Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 610045, China;
4. Geological Research Institute of Sinochem Geology and Mine Administration, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract：The normal production and operation activities of mines will inevitably create certain mine geological environmental problems. In order to fully implement the thoughts on ecological civilization and firmly establish the concept of “green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains”, the research should be based on local conditions and take multiple measures to carry out the restoration of the geological environment of abandoned open-pit mines, in accordance with the overall requirements of restoring the ecology and taking into account the landscape. According to the relevant specifications and requirements of mine geological environmental protection and restoration, the authors have taken an abandoned open-pit mine in Wenchuan as an example to introduce the factors affecting the mine geological environment from the perspective of the mine environment. Besides, the geological environment impact assessment of the stability of the stope slope, the site and the waste slag slope, the destruction of topography and landscape was also evaluated, and three basic mine geological environmental protection and restoration prevention areas were divided, namely the key, secondary and general. The results show that the stope slope and the waste slag slope are stable, the stability of the site is poor, and the impact of topography and landscape and the degree of damage are moderate. The mine geological environmental protection and restoration treatment in this area can be divided into general prevention and treatment area and more serious prevention and treatment area. The general prevention and treatment area is about 554 m2, where there were no mining geological disasters induced by activities, no residents in the affected area, no threatened objects, no leakage of surface water in the mining area and surrounding areas, and the impact of mining activities on the water and soil environment is small without effect on the living water supply in the mining area and surrounding areas. The more serious prevention and treatment area is 186 m2, where the possibility of geological disasters in the mining area and the affected area is small, and the topography and landscape impact and damage are serious. According to the evaluation results, the authors in this paper have put forward the repair suggestions such as “pumice removal + removal of construction waste, block stone + vegetation reconstruction”, which provide important technical basis for the green mining and geological environmental protection in the same type of mines.
李复勇, 唐尧, 张成信, 杨力, 范冬丽. 矿山地质环境影响评价及修复研究——以汶川某废弃露天矿山为例[J]. 中国地质调查, 2021, 8(5): 122-128.
LI Fuyong, TANG Yao, ZHANG Chengxin, YANG Li, FAN Dongli. Research on geological environmental impact assessment and rehabilitation of the mine: Taking an abandoned open pit mine in Wenchuan as an example. , 2021, 8(5): 122-128.
[1] 谭绿贵,陆三明,王本伟,等.矿山生态环境破坏与生态修复——以六安市矿山为例[J].皖西学院学报,2004,20(2):45-48.
Tan L G,Lu S M,Wang B W,et al.Mine ecological environment destruction and ecological restoration:Taking the mines of Lu'an as an example[J].J West Anhui Univ,2004,20(2):45-48.
[2] 周永章,付善明,张澄博,等.华南地区含硫化物金属矿山生态环境中的重金属元素地球化学迁移模型——重点对粤北大宝山铁铜多金属矿山的观察[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):248-255.
Zhou Y Z,Fu S M,Zhang C B,et al.Geochemical migration model of heavy metallic elements in eco-environmental system of sulfide-bearing metallic mines in South China---with specific discussion on Dabaoshan Fe-Cu-polymetallic mine,Guangdong Province[J].Earth Sci Front,2008,15(5):248-255.
[3] 魏风华,梁振杰,张樑.解决矿山生态环境保护问题的对策建议[J].中国国土资源经济,2005,18(2):25-27,35,47.
Wei F H,Liang Z J,Zhang L.Suggestions for resolving mine ecological environmental protection[J].Nat Res Econ China,2005,18(2):25-27,35,47.
[4] 唐尧,王立娟,李复勇.基于“高分+”的矿山生态环境调查与恢复治理应用研究[J].国土资源信息化,2020(5):19-24.
Tang Y,Wang L J,Li F Y.Research on mine ecological environment investigation and restoration governance based on “High Resolution+”[J].Land Res Inform,2020(5):19-24.
[5] 张志,杨金中,张高华,等.生态文明视角下的湖北省东部矿山地质环境遥感调查与分析[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):21-27.
Zhang Z,Yang J Z,Zhang G H,et al.Remote sensing survey and analysis of mine geological environment in eastern Hubei Province under the perspective of ecological civilization[J].Geol Surv China,2016,3(5):21-27.
[6] 唐尧. 基于3S的震后汶川潜在泥石流危险性评价研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
Tang Y.Hazard Assessment on Potential Debris Flows in Wenchuan County after Wenchuan Earthquake Based on RS,GIS & GPS[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[7] 武雄,韩兵,管清花,等.北京市固体矿山生态环境现状及修复对策[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):324-329.
Wu X,Han B,Guan Q H,et al.The current status and reclamation measures of the solid mine ecological environment in Bei-jing[J].Earth Sci Front,2008,15(5):324-329.
[8] 唐尧,王立娟,赵娟,等.遥感技术在“6·17”丹巴堵江泥石流灾害链灾区应急救援抢险决策中的应用[J].中国地质调查,2020,7(5):114-122.
Tang Y,Wang L J,Zhao J,et al.Application of remote sensing technology in emergency rescue decision about “6·17” Danba River debris flow disaster chain[J].Geol Surv China,2020,7(5):114-122.
[9] 杨金燕,杨锴,田丽燕,等.我国矿山生态环境现状及治理措施[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(S2):182-188.
Yang J Y,Yang K,Tian L Y,et al.Environmental impacts of mining activities in China and the corresponding management and remediation strategies:an overview[J].Environ Sci Technol,2012,35(S2):182-188.
[10] 陈秀娟,初禹,李继红.基于RS与AHP的鹤岗煤矿区矿山生态环境评价[J].森林工程,2012,28(4):26-30.
Chen X J,Chu Y,Li J H.Assessment of the ecological environment in Hegang mining area based on RS and AHP[J].Forest Eng,2012,28(4):26-30.
[11] 鱼磊,李应真,高俊华,等.基于高分卫星遥感数据的冀东地区矿山开发现状及环境问题研究[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(4):90-98.
Yu L,Li Y Z,Gao J H,et al.Research on the current situation of mine exploitation and environmental problems based on the satellite remote sensing data in Eastern Hebei[J].Geol Surv China,2018,5(4):90-98.
[12] 王波,叶新才,程从坤,等.铜陵地区矿山生态环境综合治理途径[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(5):494-498.
Wang B,Ye X C,Cheng C K,et al.Comprehensive approach to solve the eco-environmental problem in the mining area of Tong-ling city,Anhui Province[J].Res Environ Yangtze Basin,2004,13(5):494-498.
[13] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T 0223—2011矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理方案编制规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China.DZ/T 0223-2011 Compiling Code on the Project of Mining Geo-environmental Protection and Integrated Renovation[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.
[14] 国土资源部地质环境司.国土资源部办公厅关于做好矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案编报有关工作的通知[EB/OL].(2017-01-03).http://www.mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/201701/t20170109_1992001.html.
Department of Geology and Environment,Ministry of Land and Resources.Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Doing a Good Job in the Preparation of Mine Geological Environmental Protection and Land Reclamation Pl-an[EB/OL].(2017-01-03).http://www.mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/201701/t20170109_1992001.html.
[15] 国土资源部.矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案编制指南[R].2016.
Ministry of Land and Resources.Guidelines for the Preparation of Mine Geological Environmental Protection and Land Reclamation Plans[R].2016.
[16] 全国人民代表大会.中华人民共和国土地管理法[M].5版.北京:中国法制出版社,2020.
National People's Congress.Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China[M].5th ed.Beijing:China Legal Publishing House,2020.
2021, Vol. 8 
