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2016 Vol. 3, No. 1
Published: 2016-01-30
Orignal Article
 
       Orignal Article
7 New stage of the development of shale gas in China
LUAN Xiwu
Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States since the start of this century,and interest has spread to potential gas shales in the rest of the world. In 2000,shale gas provided only 1% of U.S. natural gas production; by 2010,it was over 20%; and the U.S. government’s Energy Information Administration predicts that by 2035,46% of the United States’ natural gas supply will come from shale gas. Though China is estimated to have the world’s largest shale gas reserves,due to complex geology,innovation problem and market policy,it is a big challenge for us. This paper reported quick and great advance that have been taken by Sinopec in Fuling,Sichuan Province,by CNPC in Changning-Weiyuan,Sichuan Province,and by Yanchang in Shaanxi Province. The paper estimated that the developments of shale gas in China have already come to stage of market business,but a lot of problems still remain debate.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 7-13 [Abstract] ( 469 ) RICH HTML PDF (2690 KB)  ( 583 )
14 Geological conditions and exploration potential of Tanganyika Basin in East Africa Rift Valley
ZHAO Wei, HAN Wenming, HU Bin
With the great breakthrough of the exploration for oil and gas in Uganda block of East Africa Rift Valley, more attentions are paid to Tanganyika Graben exploration potential as its petroleum geological conditions is similar to Uganda block. Tanganyika Graben locates in East Africa and is the middle part of western branch of East Africa Rift Valley. It is a typical continental rift basin filled by sediments from Later Miocene and currently covered by Lake Tanganyika which is a deep fresh lake. The entire graben can be divided into two sub-basins and takes on the structure framework of two depressions surrounded by three uplifts. Although it is a low exploration basin, it can be inferred that the mature source rock should insisted in the deep area and has relatively large potential and scale. As an inland lake, the provenance is relatively sufficient so the reservoir and seal condition is good enough. Since the multi-stages tectonic alternation, the structural traps can be found in a large amount. In conclusion, most of the conditions are tend to form effective reservoirs and there is a large potential for exploration. The transformation zone of basin is the best area for petroleum accumulation.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 14-19 [Abstract] ( 445 ) RICH HTML PDF (4763 KB)  ( 1181 )
20 Characteristics of oil shale and oil gas resources in the Tongchuan-Yan’an area, Shaanxi Province
LI Yuhong, JIANG Ting, WU Fuli, YAO Zhigang, LUO Keyong
The Tongchuan-Yan’an area, the southeastern of Ordos Basin, is one of the richest oil shale resources areas in China. Triassic Yanchang Formation is considered as the greatest potential resource layer for oil shale exploration. In order to understand the deposit characteristics, grade quality and exploration prospect and to provide a reference for further exploration of oil shale in Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in the study area, according to comprehensive data interpretation of geological survey, geological drilling, well logging and sample analysis, the prospective resource estimation reveals that the oil shale is large in thickness and high in oil content, and it has a concentrated and stable distribution, which is considered as medium-grade and sulfur-rich oil shale. Sedimentary environment has an important effect on the thickness and oil content of oil shale. The transition belt between semi-deep lake and shallow lake, and the lake-bay environment are the most favorable facies for the formation of oil shale. It is proposed that the amount of oil shale resource of Chang 7 with the depth below 500 meters has reached 1 346.46×108 t, while the counterpart of carbonized oil shale has reached 63.70×108 t. The resource potential of the study area is enormous, and implies the prospect of large and super-large oil shale deposits.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 20-25 [Abstract] ( 387 ) RICH HTML PDF (23553 KB)  ( 146 )
26 Structural deformation of Gonglujing—Sangejing ductile shear zone in the Beishan orogenic belt, and its geological significance
GAO Yong, DING Hualei, GUO Ruijun, LIU Yuanyuan, WANG Jianbin
The Gonglujing—Sangejing ductile shear zone is the tectonic boundary between the Mingshui Block and the Gongpoquan (O—S) island arc of Beishan orogenic belt. The deformation style of the ductile shear zone is complex and diverse, in which lineation, foliation and asymmetric structures are well developed. Both the macro- and micro-structures show that the shear zone is mainly characterized by thrust fault movement from NWW to SEE, and with right-lateral dislocation. Based on comprehensive study of field survey, micro-macro structural analysis, geophysical characteristics, isotopic age and regional geological data, the tectonic deformation features and formation age of the ductile shear zone have been proposed; the process of formation and evolution of the ductile shear zone have been analyzed; and the geological significance during the collisional orogenics of the Beishan orogenic belt in Late Paleozoic has been discussed.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 26-34 [Abstract] ( 437 ) RICH HTML PDF (4546 KB)  ( 478 )
35 Geochemistry and geological significance of Indosinian granites in the Ladigongma area of northern segment of the Sanjiang belt,Qinghai
LI Shanping, LI Yanjing, REN Hua, LIN Hao, JIN Tingting, DOU Yongbin
The Ladigongma granite is located in the Tongtian river tectono-magmatic belt of the Xijin Ulan - Jinsha river suture zone. According to the outcrop research, the rock types could be subdivided into 3 units: the Ladigongma granodiorite (T3γδ), the Riariqu quartz diorite (T3δo) and the Mianqie tonalite (T3δi). All of the granites are formed in the Late Triassic. The major elements results show that the granites are rich in silicon, aluminum, alkalis and volatile components; the rare earth elements results show intense fractionation between LREE and HREE with significant LREE enrichment and weak negative of Eu and Ce; and the trace elements are characterized by Rb, Th and Ba enrichment, and Y, Yb and Cr depletion. All of these are the characteristics of I- and S-type peraluminous granite. They have the same geochemical characteristics as the calc-alkaline granite in volcanic arc. It is inferred that the subduction of Duocai—Dangjiang tectonic melange zone in Late Triassic may be responsible for the granites in the study area. The granites are the continental collision type granite and the tectonic setting is subduction-convergent environment.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 35-43 [Abstract] ( 349 ) RICH HTML PDF (4006 KB)  ( 395 )
44 Recognition and confirmation of paleozoic accretionary wedges in Subducted orogenic zone, Northwest China
LI Rongshe, CHEN Junlu, MA Zhongping, XU Xueyi, ZHA Xianfeng,BAI Jianke, SHI Chao, ZHANG Haidi
The northwest China is located at the superimposed tectonic domain of the Tethyan belt and the Paleo-Asian Ocean. This superimposed tectonic setting and composite structure result in favorable metallogenic conditions of polymetallic ore deposits. In order to promote the prospecting breakthrough and strategic action, the China Geological Survey deployed a number of 1∶50 000, 1∶250 000 regional geological survey and basic geological studying projects in northwest China. These projects achieve a number of discoveries and progress which are helpful to understand the metallogenic conditions. Considerable scale subduction-accretionary wedges with favorable metallogenic conditions are recognized and confirmed, especially in the southern margin of Altai region, the South Tianshan Mountains and South Kunlun. These accretionary wedges are subzone of orogenic zone, which are the most favorable areas for porphyry copper deposits and fault-altered rock type gold polymetallic deposits. Further research on the structure, magmatic activity and spatial distribution of the accretion orogenic zone will provide strong technical support for prospecting breakthrough.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 44-51 [Abstract] ( 394 ) RICH HTML PDF (11645 KB)  ( 374 )
52 Progress and achievements of integrated geo-environmental monitoring along Guangxi coastal zone, Beibu gulf
XIA Zhen, LIN Jinqing, ZHENG Zhichang, LIANG Kai, MA Shengzhong,ZHANG Shunzhi, CHEN Taihao, SHI Yaohong
The Guangxi castal zone is located in the earthquake subsidence belt of southeastern China, in which the earthquake is rather active, and the tropical cyclone is rather frequent. The geo-environmental problem and geo-hazard risk have become more serious, but there are insufficient land-sea synchronously-observed methods and long-term monitoring data to prevent the burgeoning crisis. A set of integrated geophysical exploration, geological sampling, seawater sampling and ocean current survey are used to monitor the geo-environment along the Guangxi coastal zone of Beibu gulf during the last five years, and the auunal variation of shallow strata, bottom sediments, detrital minerals, heavy metals and seawater elements are analyzed and assessed for the first time. The results show that the spatial and temporal variations are significant, the balance point change of beach surface is distinct, and the scouring and silting change is great. The seawater pollutants are mainly composed of nutrition salt, oil and heavy metals, and the geo-environment of some segments of the Guangxi coastal zone is changed by human. The water quality is related with local environment improvement. The vulnerability and the risk of geo-harzard should be paid more attention and need further monitoring.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 52-57 [Abstract] ( 429 ) RICH HTML PDF (3915 KB)  ( 604 )
58 Stability analysis and evaluation of land subsidence in Suiningurban area of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province
ZHOU Dan, XING Xue, WANG Hongpei
A computation geological model is obtained abstractly according to the type, spatial distribution and compression deformation of compressible soil in Suining urban area of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. The accumulative land subsidence ranges from 3.08 to 380.60 mm, averaging of 162.41 mm under the condition of water level in 2013; and the maximum is in northwest of the study area, where the thickness of compressible soil, cohesive soil are large and groundwater level declined largely. Furthermore, the estimated accumulative land subsidence and risk zoning is acquired under the condition of water level in 2030, that provides relevant suggestions and measures for total amount control of groundwater mining and land subsidence monitoring. The research is helpful to avoiding the land subsidence gradually developed into a large geological disaster in 2030.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 58-64 [Abstract] ( 332 ) RICH HTML PDF (4945 KB)  ( 365 )
65 A view on the functions of sci-tech novelty retrieval in geological survey
LI Shuying, CHEN Jing
In the 1990s, the geoscience sci-tech novelty retrieval was undertaken by the Institute of Geological Information of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. In recent years, this work is undertaken by the Geosciences Sci-tech Novelty Retrieval Station of the Ministry of Land and Resources. To affiliated departments of MLR, exploration companies, and geoscience colleges, the geoscience sci-tech novelty retrieval provides much supports for scientific research items, achievement reward, professional evaluation, and doctor (master) graduation. In this paper, the development status of the Geosciences Sci-tech Novelty Retrieval Station of MLR is summarized, and the function of sci-tech novelty retrieval in geological survey is discussed.
2016 Vol. 3 (1): 65-70 [Abstract] ( 393 ) RICH HTML PDF (952 KB)  ( 434 )
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