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2022 Vol. 9, No. 2
Published: 2022-04-20
 
1 Research and compilation progress of “Annals of Geology of Mineral Resources of China” (2018-2021)
HUANG Fan, WANG Denghong, WANG Yan, CHEN Yuchuan, ZHU Mingyu, CHEN Zhenghui, ZHAO Zhi, ZHAO Ruyi, GAO Yanfeng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.01
The research and compilation work of “Annals of Geology of Mineral Resources of China” have been through 10 years, with review of more than 180 annals and publication of 50 books. The compilation work content cover four aspects: provincial annals, national mineral (or minerals group) annals, regional annals and thematic research. The distribution characteristics of mineral resources in China has been basically identified through the compilation work, and new metallogenic theoretical understanding of REE, scattered elements, tungsten and other mineral groups has been obtained, which has enriched the research content of typical deposits. The metallogenic regularity of mineral resources in China have been summarized from multi-level and multi-dimensional dimensions, and a new generation of “five-in-one” metallogenic regularity maps have been compiled to reflect the spatial and temporal distribution of evolution regularity of strata, structure, magmatism and mineralization. The mineral deposits theory of minerogenetic series has been delved to put forward 6 orders metallogenic series sequence, which has added the highest level from previous 5 orders sequence: metallogenic system. Besides, it is proposed the systematically study of metallogenic system should be from two dimensions of time and space, so as to better explore the spatial and temporal distribution, mutual relationship and evolution of minerogenetic series for mineral deposits.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 1-14 [Abstract] ( 169 ) RICH HTML PDF (12778 KB)  ( 420 )
15 Geological characteristics and metallogenic model of phosphate deposit of Kunyang type in Sichuan Province
HE Tianquan, LI Binbin, ZHANG Chunying
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.02
The phosphate deposit of Kunyang type in Sichuan Province is located in Emeishan fault arch and Liang-shan depression fold bundle of upper Yangtze platform depression, belonging to the northern part of the Early Cambrian. The occurrence of phosphate deposit is in the middle and lower part of Mediping Formation of Lower Cambrian and it extends in layers, similar with the phosphorus bearing layer. The phosphate deposit has characters of stable sequence, wide distribution and large reserves, with great prospecting potential. The authors in this paper summarized the geological characteristics of the deposit and the distribution regularity of the deposit to analyze the metallogenic geological conditions and metallogenic elements such as metallogenic paleostructure and palaeogeographic environment, and establish the regional metallogenic model, on the basis of collecting and sorting out previous research data and achievements of exploration projects. It is considered that the mineralization of phosphate deposit of Kunyang type is mainly biochemical sedimentation, which belongs to a marine phosphate rock deposit formed by ionic combined precipitation and debris accumulation in a basin. The formation and distribution of the deposit are controlled by paleogeography and paleostructure, and the phosphorus deposits are mainly concentrated in the secondary sagbasin of the faulted basin formed along the South north oriented paleofault. The bay environment has hydrodynamic conditions from low energy to high energy, and several sub primary small basins formed by the geomorphic differentiation inside the bay, which make the bay a good place for phosphorus formation and accumulation. The results show the favorable conditions for the formation of phosphorus rich deposit are the abundant phosphorus source, the mechanical effects of crushing, scouring, winnowing and transportation in the medium high energy environment, and the suitable sedimentary environment in the small depression basin. The metallogenic model is biochemical deposition, crushing, scouring, winnowing, transportation and accumulation diagenesis and mineralization. The establishment of the metallogenic model provides a theoretical basis for scientific prospecting in the area and a direction for further prospecting.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 15-24 [Abstract] ( 182 ) RICH HTML PDF (4647 KB)  ( 351 )
25 Research of metallogenic regularity of antimony deposits in Guangxi
WANG Gongmin, WANG Chuanjian, ZHOU Jianfei, GUAN Xiaoyi, HUANG Baoan, PANG Caixin, JIANG Zhilong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.03
Guangxi antimony deposits resources are rich, which have become one of the dominant minerals in Guangxi. In order to investigate its metallogenic regularity, the authors of this paper have comprehensively summarized the Guangxi antimony deposits exploration, development, resource distribution, deposit genesis, spatial distribution characteristics and metallogenic regularity. The antimony deposits in Guangxi are divided into three genetic types, including magmatic hydrothermal type, epigenetic middle-low temperature hydrothermal type and weathering type, among which the magmatic hydrothermal type is the main type. 7 fourth-order genetic types are divided on the basis of the third-order genetic types, among which the compound cassiterite-sulfide antimony deposits are the largest, and most closely related to magmatic hydrothermal mineralization. In addition, the Guang-xi antimony distribution and enrichment are jointly controlled by the four in one, including the strata, structure, magmatic rocks and contact zone. These antimonies were mainly enriched in Dianqiangui passive continental margin tectonic units and Xiangzhong-Northern Guizhong (depression) metallogenic belt, and the antimony deposits with industrial value mainly occur in the Devonian system, which burst in Late Yanshanian.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 25-38 [Abstract] ( 108 ) RICH HTML PDF (7199 KB)  ( 206 )
39 A study of metallogenic regularity and geological characteristics of primary diamond deposits in Shandong Province
WU Kanglin, YANG Bin, ZHANG Zengqi, TIAN Jingxiang, XIAO Bingjian, LUO Wenqiang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.04
Diamond has excellent physical and chemical properties, which is an important raw material for the development of new industries. The diamond resource is a kind of dominant mineral in Shandong Province, and the study of diamond deposits in Shandong is still under controversy. Through the systematic explanations of diamond deposits in Shandong Province, the authors in this paper discussed the distribution regularity, mineralization geological condition and mineralization age, and summarized the central points of three diamond primary ore belts in Mengyin, which the connecting line is a broken line protruding from the north to the west after connection, with directionality, equidistance and left-column distribution regularity. The lithology of the three rock belts changes from south to north with the regularity of rich in the south and poor in the north, rich in the middle and poor in both sides. It is believed that the shape of the primary diamond deposit in Mengyin area of Shandong Province were veined and tubular, and the genetic type is magmatic, of which the invasion era was mainly in Mesozoic. This research would provide important reference in diamond prospecting, by summarizing the minerogenetic environment, minerogenetic regularity and minerogenetic epoch.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 39-49 [Abstract] ( 129 ) RICH HTML PDF (4438 KB)  ( 143 )
50 Geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of lead-zinc-gold-silver polymetallic deposits in Hunan Province
FU Shengyun, CHEN Qiliang, DENG Lei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.05
Based on the previous research of typical deposit, the authors in this paper have summarized geological characteristics, genetic type and metallogenic regularity, and focused on the geological characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of 13 lead-zinc-gold-silver polymetallic deposits, including Cu, W, Sn and pyrite. The genetic types of lead-zinc-gold-silver polymetallic deposits in Hunan Province include 3 tertiary (quaternary), which are contact metasomatism type (calcium skarn type), magmatic hydrothermal type (filling metasomatism and altered rock type) and medium-low temperature hydrothermal type (sedimentary hydrothermal remodeling). The deposits of contact metasomatism type were formed in exocontact between acid-hypabyssal and acid-intermediate granite of Yanshanian, and carbonate of Devonian System and Carboniferous System. The ore bearing strata is marble of calcium skarn type, and the metallogenic type is metasomatism type and the deposits of magmatic hydrothermal type are filling. Besides, the acid-hypabyssal and acid-intermediate deposits were mainly in carbonate of Sinian System, Devonian System and Carboniferous System, belonging to mutil-stage and poly-genetic deposits, and the metallogenic materials were from a variety of sources. The calcium skarn type and magmatic hydrothermal type deposits were controlled by tectonic and magmata rock. The medium-low temperature hydrothermal type tungsten-zinc deposits were controlled by the Qiziqiao Formation of Devonian System, lithofacies paleogeography and tectonic. The gold deposits occurred in Tiaomajian Formation. The ore concentration areas were determined, including Dengfuxian ore concentration areas in Southeastern Hunan, Shuishankou- Dayishan-Shangbao ore concentration areas, Baoshan-Xianglinghua ore concentration areas, Qianlishan-Qitianling-Yaogangxian ore concentration areas, Tianlongshan-Xikuangshan of Liushutang ore concentration areas in Central Hunan, and Lianyunshan- Liuyang of Pingjiang ore concentration areas in Northeastern Hunan, which would further help narrow the ore prospecting scope and clarify the prospecting direction.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 50-62 [Abstract] ( 104 ) RICH HTML PDF (6386 KB)  ( 278 )
63 Geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of typical gold deposits in Fengtai ore concentration area, Shaanxi Province
WANG Yingwei, ZHAO Duanchang, DU Biao, ZHANG Zhenkai
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.06
Fengtai ore concentration area is rich in gold resources, with great achievements and breakthrough from gold deposit detection in recent years. The authors in this paper summarized the metallogenic regularity in Fengtai ore concentration area through analysing and comparing the geological and ore-forming fluids characteristics of typical gold deposits. There are various types of gold mineralization in Fengtai ore concentration area, but properties and sources of ore-forming fluids and materials are unified. The ore-forming fluids with shallow metallogenic depth were mainly from atmospheric precipitation, while those with deep metallogenic depth were mainly from metamorphic fluid and magmatic hydrothermal fluid. The metallogenic environment of Pangjiahe gold deposit is medium and low temperature- low salinity- low density- medium hypabyssal, while the metallogenic environment of Baguamiao gold deposit is medium and high temperature-CO2 rich-medium and high salinity- medium plutonic. Besides, the metallogenic environment of Shuangwang gold deposit is medium and high temperature-CO2 rich-medium and low salinity-medium and high pressure-medium plutonic. The metamorphic fluid characteristics in these three gold deposits are obvious, with similar characteristics of orogenic gold deposits. The gold mineralization process in the study area was characterized by multi-period and multi-stage. And the gold mineralization was first pre-enriched by Au element in the strata, then mineralized with magmatic hydrothermal fluid, metamorphic hydrothermal fluid, and groundwater caused by the Indosinian (main metallogenic period) tectonic events. At last, the gold mineralization was superimposition reformed and enriched by the hydrothermal fluid during the Yanshanian.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 63-72 [Abstract] ( 90 ) RICH HTML PDF (5809 KB)  ( 275 )
73 Metallogenic regularity and series of gold deposits in Liaoning Province
YUAN He, WANG Denghong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.07
The tectonic position of Liaoning Province is located in the eastern segment of the northern margin of North China Block, and gold resources are rich in this province.By studying the typical gold deposits, the authors in this paper summarized the types of gold deposits, mineral prediction types and timeporal-spatial distribution of gold deposits in Liaoning Province. On the basis of new knowledge of relationship between tectonic evolution and gold mineralization in Liaoning Province, coupling relationship between major tectonic events and gold mineralization effect, this paper illustrated the dynamic evolution mechanism through metallogenic series theory, and the gold deposits in Liaoning Province was divided into three metallogenic series associations and six metallogenic series. The results show that the sedimentary metamorphic hydrothermal transformation metallogenic series and metamorphic hydrothermal metallogenic series were formed in the eastern Liaoning during Precambrian period under the background of collision amalgamation and extension structure. Continental volcanic subvolcanic hydrothermal metallogenic series, magmatic hydrothermal metallogenic series, metamorphic hydrothermal metallogenic series and sedimentary metamorphic hydrothermal metallogenic series were formed in Liaoning during the transformation of tectonic system in eastern China in Mesozoic, Liaoning Province was involved in Himalayan orogeny in Cenozoic, forming a sedimentary metallogenic series. The results can provide references for researches of Metallogenesis of gold deposits in Liaoning Province.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 73-82 [Abstract] ( 121 ) RICH HTML PDF (3671 KB)  ( 156 )
83 Summary of the interpretation method of geothermal logging in the northern suburb of Zunyi in Guizhou Province
YANG Wu, ZHANG Yingwen, WANG Liang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.08
In recent years, the market demand for geothermal resources has increased intensely, and resource exploration and development in the Zunyi-Jinsha area of Guizhou has meet great development opportunities. It is an important task of geothermal geology work to change the relatively low success rate of geothermal wells in Guizhou, of which the geophysical logging is an important measure. Uncertainty exists in the interpretation of logging data, and it is necessary to combine logging theory and practical experience to improve the accuracy of interpretation results. Based on the geothermal logging exploration example in the northern suburb of Zunyi, the authors in this paper have comprehensively analyzed the logging response characteristics of physical parameters on rocks, such as natural gamma, resistivity, spontaneous potential, and acoustic waves. The comprehensive geological interpretation of actual measured curve in the wells were conducted by the logging character method in typical marker stata, sequence logging feature method, fault logging interpretation feature method, aquifer logging interpretation feature method and well temperature mutation logging interpretation feature method and 4 steps, to determine the typical marker layers and divide stratigraphic sequence. Besides, the fault structure and aquifer were interpreted. This research would provide a geological basis for the geothermal drilling positioning, geothermal well design and well completion technology selection in this area.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 83-90 [Abstract] ( 86 ) RICH HTML PDF (4122 KB)  ( 132 )
91 Suitability evaluation of shallow geothermal energy based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: A case study of Changle County in Shandong Province
ZHANG Chengbin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.09
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can be applied to effectively solve the problems caused by traditional evaluation methods, which are the difficulty in quantitative assessment and the subjective effects on fuzzy concept's, so that the evaluation results are more reasonable and accurate. The researchers in this paper have adopted 7 factors, including single rock mass, depth of groundwater, total thickness of aquifer, lithology of stratum, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and soil temperature, to evaluate the adaptability of shallow geothermal energy of Changle County in Shandong Province by AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The research area was divided into two subsections, including medium suitability areas of 44.71 km2 and poor suitability areas of 10.29 km2. The study areas were further divided into general development zone, encouraging development zone, vigorous development zone and restricted development zone, combined with the urban planning of Changle County. The shallow geothermal energy in the study area has the greater potential, and the reasonable development can bring huge economic and social benefits.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 91-99 [Abstract] ( 86 ) RICH HTML PDF (5243 KB)  ( 126 )
100 Characteristics and preventive measures of permafrost disasters in Xiongba town of Geji County in northwestern Tibet
TANG Hua, XV Lin, GESANG Pingcuo, DA Wa, NAN Dawa, ZHANG Xianhu, LI Ning, LIU Daming, SUOLANG Duoji
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.10
The permafrost disaster in the Xiongba town of Geji County has been aggravated in recent years. Investigating the characteristics, origins and hazards of permafrost disasters is of great significance to formulate corresponding disaster prevention and mitigation policies. The authors in this paper have comprehensively analyzed the permafrost disaster in Xiongba town by basic characteristics, causes, development trends and prevention mea-sures. The main cause of aggravating permafrost disasters is the increase of rainfall and temperature caused by the global warming. The frost heaving and freeze-thawing effect of the soil are aggravated by the increasing moisture content of the soil with poor permeability and uneven distribution. The damage caused by the frost heaving and freeze-thawing effect are in form of house collapse, ground cracks, house wall cracks and uneven ground settlement, and the disruptive strength increased with the climate warming. The comprehensive control measures of diversion + flood control + drainage + engineering construction were put forward to reduce the damage of permafrost disaster. This research could provide scientific decision-making and basis for formation mechanism of permafrost disaster and prevention and control measures of major permafrost engineering construction in Xiongba town.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 100-109 [Abstract] ( 94 ) RICH HTML PDF (4536 KB)  ( 143 )
110 Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in sediments of typical inland lakes: A case study of Wuhu Lake in Wuhan
HE Jun, LI Fulin, TAO Liang, ZHANG Ao, ZHAO Yongbo
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.11
Urban inland lake wetland is important for urban ecosystem. The authors in this paper have taken Wuhu Lake of Wuhan as an example to evaluate distribution characteristics, influencing factors, enrichment pollution degree and ecological risk of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and heavy metals in surface sediments by mathematical statistics, nutrient index, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk. The results show that the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in the surface sediments in the northwest of Wuhu Lake were significantly higher than those in the southeast. The surface runoff and farmland may be main sources of nutrients around Wuhu Lake, and the paddy field was more conducive to the enrichment of total phosphorus in sedimentary. The mixed sources of organic matter in the sedimentary were endogenous aquatic plants and exogenous terrestrial plants, displaying a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen. The content of heavy metals in the sedimentary was generally low, with high Cd content in local parts, and the content is generally higher in the north than in the south. The enrichment and potential risk of heavy metals in sedimentary were generally low, with low enrichment of Cd and Pb in local parts and moderate potential risks of Cd and Hg. The potential ecological risk of sedimentary was low to medium, and the distribution of potential ecological risk is highly consistent with content of Cd in sedimentary.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 110-118 [Abstract] ( 122 ) RICH HTML PDF (4979 KB)  ( 197 )
119 Research on early identification of geological hazards in high mountain and valley areas of western Sichuan Province based on InSAR technology: A case study of Xiaojinchuan River Basin
TANG Yao, WANG Lijuan, LIAO Jun, DENG Cong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.12
Short Baseline Set Time-Series Interferometry (Small Baseline Subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR) technology is used to carry out research on surface multi-temporal and long time-series deformation monitoring and early identification of potential geological hazards in the high mountain and valley areas of western Sichuan, combining with the multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar data. The principle of the time-series InSAR method is introduced and the data processing process is sorted out. Besides, the radar visibility of Xiaojinchuan River Basin is analyzed, and the surface deformation monitoring in the basin is carried out using 26 periods of Sentinel-1A historical archived data from November 2018 to December 2019. The results show that the accumulated deformation in the radar line of sight direction in the basin reaches -51.12—75.28 mm/a. 4 deformation anomalies and 11 potential geological hazards were identified based on the distribution pattern of deformation anomalies, including 6 known geological hazards and 5 unknown geological hazards. Taking P1 (Aniangzhai landslide) as an example, the authors in this paper have carried out the long time series monitoring analysis and verification. The reliability of using InSAR technology for early identification of geological hazards were identified to prove the advantages and effectiveness of SBAS-InSAR technology in early identification of geological hazards, which has the potential for wide-scale application in the high mountain and valley areas of western Sichuan.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 119-128 [Abstract] ( 105 ) RICH HTML PDF (7906 KB)  ( 138 )
129 Thoughts on promoting intelligent management of geological survey projects based on blockchain technology
WEI Xiang, TAN Yongjie, MA Cheng, QIAN Jianli
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.02.13
As a frontier technology, blockchain with characteristics of decentralization, difficult to tamper, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency, has potential value in the implementation and management of research projects, which can be used for standardizing project implementation, improving the originality of project achievements and ensuring the fairness of project evaluation. The integration of blockchain with geological survey project management could promote the intelligent management of projects. On the basis of comprehensively sorting out the status, shortcomings and needs of geological survey project management, the authors in this paper used the GeoCloud of China Geological Survey as the basic technical framework to construct an intelligent management system for geological survey projects based on blockchain. Establishing trusted block alliance mechanism for geological survey projects, developing system functions based on blockchain, and integrating current project functions management were put forward, which could provide references for the management development strategy and planning of geological survey projects.
2022 Vol. 9 (2): 129-133 [Abstract] ( 106 ) RICH HTML PDF (642 KB)  ( 148 )
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