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2017 Vol. 4, No. 5
Published: 2017-10-20
Orginal Article
 
       Orginal Article
1 New progresses and discussion on the survey and research of Li, Be, Ta ore deposits in China
WANG Denghong, WANG Chenghui, SUN Yan, LI Jiankang, LIU Shanbao, RAO Kuiyuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.01
Lithium, beryllium and tantalum are the most important rare metals currently, especially with the increasing demand of emerging industries on rare metals. Moreover, this phenomenon has led the prospecting work to make a series of new progresses. The study of lithium and other rare metals mineralization mechanism is not thorough, and there is still a series of debate around this study. Based on many years of practice, this paper put forward a new understanding of “multi-cycle, deep circulation, integration of internal and external” mechanism for the mineralization of lithium. In addition, the “five levels + basement” exploration model was expanded, and the prospecting work in the Keeryin pegmatite ore field, in the Jiajika pegmatite ore in western Sichuan, in the Mufushan-Jiuling ore district in the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border area, and in the central orogenic belt of the Qinba Mountain, was guided based on the new understanding. New progresses have been made in the program of looking for spodumene deposies of pegmatite type, amblygonite deposits of granite-type and beryllium deposit of strata-bound hydrothermal type, pointing out a new direction and opening a new window for prospecting rare metal deposits in China.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 431 ) RICH HTML PDF (4426 KB)  ( 331 )
9 Geological feature and uranium mine prospecting potential in the Huangdongjing area of Zhuguang, Guangdong
HU Zhiying
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.02
Reviving old mineral occurrences is one of the effective methods of protecting uranium reserves. This paper investigated uranium metallogenic geology background in the Baishun area and discussed the geological controlling factors and prospecting potential of the Huangdongjing area. Compared with the 201 uranium deposit in trace element geochemical characteristics, the Huangdongjing area shows a better prospecting potential. These conclusions can provide some reference for further survey in this region.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 9-14 [Abstract] ( 332 ) RICH HTML PDF (5205 KB)  ( 93 )
15 Sedimentary facies research of complex lithologic reservoir of S2 section in Moliqing oilfield,Yitong Basin
DING Fang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.03
Since 2008, Moliqing oilfield has always adhered to the integration of exploration and development, and made significant breakthrough in the field of increasing production efficiency. This reservoir has typical lithologic reservoir characteristics. The superposition of multiple phases and sediment sources has caused the lithology to change fast, with strong reservoir heterogeneity. With the increase of oil wells, the production kept rising before 2011. However, pressure began to went down and the energy can't be supplied in time afterwards, so the oil production has a trend of decline. The development encounters bottleneck with the addition of concealment and complexity of lithologic reservoir. From the perspect of reservoir development, we must strengthen the understanding of the geological aspects in order to improve the production efficiency of Moliqing oilfield.Under the regional sedimentary background, based on a large number of core observation and description, this paper made research from sediment formation conditions, source direction, sorting characteristics and sandbody connecting relations in order to identify the depositional model, and proposed slope apron model. Based on single well sand body statistics, sedimentary facies model and the analysis of log facies, 3 subfacies and 5 microfacies were identified.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 15-23 [Abstract] ( 302 ) RICH HTML PDF (6218 KB)  ( 41 )
24 A study on fluid inclusions within ankerites of quartz-vein gold deposits in southeastern Guizhou
MU Yuliang, WANG Ganlu, FU Yong, YIN Yingzi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.04
Ankerite is one of the main gangue minerals at main mineralization stage of quartz-vein gold deposits in southeastern Guizhou. It plays an important role in the migration and precipitation of gold and the characteristics of fluid inclusions within ankerite can reflect the ore-forming fluid character. The authors conducted experiments on the microscopic petrography observation, homogenization temperature and freezing point of fluid inclusions, and then calculated the inclusions salinity and density. Results show CO2 inclusions in ankerite are well developed; ore-forming fluid uniformity temperatures concentrate in 240-300 ℃ with average of 267.21 ℃, the salinity of ore-forming fluid is between 1.57%-12.96% (NaCl) with average of 15.31%(NaCl); and the mineralization density distribution ranges from 0.69 g/cm3 to 0.91 g/cm3, with average of 0.89 g/cm3. So the quartz-vein gold deposits of southeastern Guizhou are middle temperature hydrothermal deposits and the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of high density and low salinity.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 24-30 [Abstract] ( 287 ) RICH HTML PDF (3627 KB)  ( 56 )
31 Achievements of 1:50 000 regional geological survey in the east of Gaize area,Tibet
ZHU Lidong, LI Zhiwu, YANG Wenguang, ZHANG Yuxiu, TAO Gang, HUANG Hui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.05
Based on the regional geological survey standard and technical requirements for major mineral zone,the east Gaize 1:50 000 regional geological survey project was carried out. The regional stratigraphic units, rocks, structure characters and metallogenic conditions were investigated from basic geology survey under the guidance of new mapping and modern metallogenic theory. Based on lithostratigraphic unit,focusing on the correspondence between litho-stratigraphic unit and bio-stratigraphic unit, and effectively utilizing multiple stratigraphic classification and correlation,such as cyclic stratigraphy and stratigraphy, the formation age and stratigraphic sequence of Mesozoic and Cenozonic strata were defined. It systematically summarized the basic sequence and constituent compositions and divided the Riganpeicuo Formation into two sets. The Mugagangri Group showed the characteristics of the sedimentary chaotic melanges and the Zhonggang ocean island was disassembled and volcanic-sedimentary sequence model was built. The first discovery of the eclogites and Quercus pseudosemicarpifolia provided important information for tectonic evolution of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River and uplift of the plateau. The strata in the study area were divided into 3 structural layers,6 tectonic events since Mesozoic and 2 prospecting areas and 1ore prospecting target were found. We also systematically summarized four tectonic evolution stages of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River, spreading and formation (about 242 Ma), subduction (Early Jurassic), metamorphic rocks exhumation (194 Ma), closure (110-85 Ma) and collisional orogeny.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 31-39 [Abstract] ( 341 ) RICH HTML PDF (10902 KB)  ( 117 )
40 New progresses of geological mapping of tectonic melange zone in Yukahe area, the north margin of Qaidam Basin
Li Meng, Wang Chao, Zhang Xin, Li Rongshe, Chen Shoujian, Pan Xiaoping, Peng Yan, Shao Dong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.06
In order to solve some key geological problems in studying tectonic melange zone in the north margin of Qaidam Basin, such as different genetic types of mafic-super mafic and high-ultrahigh pressure rock composition, subduction, collision-mechanism and formation process, we have carried out geological mapping work in Yukahe area, and got some progress and achievements. The contact relationship between the deep subduction geological body and native block was found out and it was characterized by ductile-brittle ductile shear zone in early contact and superposition thrust nappe in later contact. The eclogites were lenticular and layered in the deep subduction geological body, indicating that the protolith of eclogite was stratified and sheared before the peak metamorphism. The eclogites were in gneissic granite rock mass, which is in the form of eclipse body of the Yukahe Group. Internal deformation sequence and four deformation events were identified in this region. This deformation shows an extrusion character, and the extrusion happened at different stages. In addition, the authers also found out that the ultrabasic rock mass intruded into the deep subduction geological body.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 40-47 [Abstract] ( 276 ) RICH HTML PDF (17075 KB)  ( 48 )
48 Geochemical characteristics and age of rhyolite LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb in Fengleishan area of Beishan, Inner Mongolia
CHEN Haidong, WANG Zilong, JING Yaozu, GAO Yong, HAO Zengyuan, LU Ning
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.07
There are large quantities of volcanic rocks in the south of the eastern section of Beishan area's Hongshishan-Baiheshan-Pengboshan ophiolitic belt. The age of rhyolite indicated by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb is (318.5±1.2) Ma, Late Carboniferous. The rhyolite has 77.05%~77.52% of SiO2, and 6.96%~7.83% of K2O+Na2O. Large ion lithophile (Rb,K,Th,U,Zr,Hf) enrichment and high field strength elements (Ta,Nb,Ti) shortage are displayed in the primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagram. The petrogeochemical features indicate that the rhyolite shows high potassium calc alkaline series, with the volcanic arc granite attribute. Combined with the study of regional geological characteristics, it indicates that Hongshishan-Baiheshan-Pengboshan extensional faulting formed the initial small ocean basin. Namely, it's similar to the Red Sea Type trough environment in Early Carboniferous. The oceanic crust subducted into the south and the north directions in late Early Carboniferous. And the southern edge of the consistently cleaving small ocean basin subducted into the south direction by the Late Carboniferous, so large amounts of arc volcanic rocks formed.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 48-54 [Abstract] ( 352 ) RICH HTML PDF (3077 KB)  ( 81 )
55 Biological evidence and its significance of Ouli Formation in Miduonan hamlets of Geji County, Tibet
CHEN Meitao, YANG Liu, XU Changhui, JIA Di, ZHANG Hengge
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.08
The study area is located at the interseltion of Qiangtang plots and Bangong-Nujiang junction. Since there is well-preserved Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous marine sedimentary record, this area is believed to be an ideal site for the research of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous environmental evolution and basin sediment types. In order to discuss the stratigraphic age of Ouli Formation and types of sedimentary basins in this area, careful study was taken on lithology combination, sedimentary environment, paleontological characteristics and so on. A lot of Late Jurassic fossils, such as Actinastraea minor Wu, Allocoenia trochiformis Etallon, Stylina andoensis Liao et Li, Stylosmilia michelini Milne-Edwards et Haime, were found in the Ouli Formation. The presentence of these fossils provides strong evidence to verify that the stratigraphic age of Ouli Formation is the Late Jurassic. The Ouli Formation is mainly made up of the restricted platform-tidal flat siliciclastic deposits intercalated with the carbonate deposits and sandwiched tidal channel gravel limestone. The results show that the sedimentary basin is a back-arc foreland basin in the study area in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 55-59 [Abstract] ( 220 ) RICH HTML PDF (3705 KB)  ( 47 )
60 Characteristics of source-reservoir-cap rock and hydrocarbon prospect evaluation in the South Yellow Sea
XU Jianchun, WU Chengping, WANG Xin, WU Yun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.09
According to new data and previous research results in recent years, the characteristics of reservoir and caprock of the South Yellow Sea were comprehensively investigated. Ancient marine Mesozoic strata were chosen as the main hydrocarbon source rocks. Based on the tectonic movement and sedimentary development analysis, the hydrocarbon accumulation in marine Mesozoic strata of South Yellow Sea is divided into four stages: stages before Triassic indosinian movement, Jurassic-Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene. This paper shows that ancient marine Mesozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea have the prospect of hydrocarbon development, through the analysis of the characteristics of the reservoir. The favorable marine oil and gas resources accumulation were forecasted based on the study of the hydrocarbon source and preservation condition in later period. This study provides the basis for oil and gas exploration and makes contribution to the deployment of new offshore oil and gas in China.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 60-65 [Abstract] ( 261 ) RICH HTML PDF (1145 KB)  ( 52 )
66 Discovery of new lakes controlled by strata and folds in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
LIU Gang, LIU Jianyu, YAN Yunpeng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.10
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the largest lakes-distributing area without the disturbance of humans, is the ideal region for lake research. Using the right spatial resolution images, the authors have investigated the lakes in Hoh Xil and found the new lakes controlled by stratum and folds. Through the genesis analysis of Lian Lake, the authors proposed the concept of stratabound lakes. The stratabound lakes in Hoh Xil are mainly controlled by the red beds of Neogene and Paleogene,and the regularity of these lakes in shape, quantity, scale and distribution is relevant to the rhythmic sedimentation of soft and hard terranes. Most of stratabound lakes are small and mini type because of the width limit of outcrop stratum. Fold lakes are also controlled by the red beds of Neogene and Paleogene,and they are probably discovered for the first time in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The formative period of most stratabound lakes is later than Miocene. The dominant factor of the stratabound lakes development is the tumultuous changes of sedimentary environment which are relevant to tectonic movement.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 66-73 [Abstract] ( 306 ) RICH HTML PDF (7124 KB)  ( 49 )
74 Hydrogeological conditions of the large karst spring in Lingshui, Guangxi
HUANG Zhiwei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.11
Lingshui Spring is a typical tectonic karst spring in Guangxi and its spring field is widely distributed. The spring has the characteristics of multi-outlet, high flow and dynamic stability. In recent years, the outlet flow of Lingshui Spring has showed a decreasing trend, and the water has been slightly polluted, which caused the local government's high attention. In order to find out the characteristics of water-bearing medium and recharge area in Lingshui Spring, the authors studied the distribution characteristics of the karst pipelines in Lingshui Spring through ground investigation, geophysical prospecting, drilling and groundwater tracing. And they also defined the recharge area of Lingshui Spring. The results showed that the structure of the karst pipelines in the upper reaches of Lingshui Spring was reticular. The scale of the pipelines was not large, and the pipelines showed a concentrated band distribution. The northern part of the study area was the main recharge area of the spring, and the typical concentrated runoff band was about 8 km long and 200-700 m wide. According to the altitude effect of the isotope, it was calculated that the recharge altitude of the Lingshui Spring and the result was about 496 m, which was close to the investigation results. This study could provide some support for the development and protection of groundwater resources in Lingshui Spring.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 74-81 [Abstract] ( 289 ) RICH HTML PDF (8167 KB)  ( 59 )
82 Setup and application of the helicopter taking off and landing point in airborne geophysical survey
LI Jian, GUO Liang, JIN Jiuqiang, XU Ming, WAND Zhibo, LI Bing, DENG Maosheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.12
In the airborne geophysical survey,the survey results acquired by the helicopter are recognized in geological industry because of the advantages of mobility, hedgehopping and contour flying. But the poor endurance of the helicopter is the primary problem during the airborne geophysical survey. Establishing a temporary taking off and landing point for the helicopter is the best way to solve this problem. After Summarizing the setup principles of the temporary taking off and landing point of the helicopter, the authors explained the methods of setting up the temporary taking off and landing point and the survey efficiency of the helicopter through a concrete example. The method has highly promoted the flying efficiency, expanded the survey range and reduced the survey cost.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 82-85 [Abstract] ( 269 ) RICH HTML PDF (1508 KB)  ( 31 )
86 Extraction of alteration information and oreprospecting based on ASTER data in Liuyuan area of Gansu Province
HU Hui, ZHOU Ping
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2017.05.13
Hydrothermal deposits are often accompanied by a certain type of mineralized alteration, which can indicate potential favorable metallogenic areas. The Heishan-Xianquanzi deep fault at Liuyuan area in Gansu Province can be regarded as one of the best demonstration areas for alteration information extraction based on remote sensing data because of its numerous types of hydrothermal deposits, abundant alteration, and well exposed bedrocks. In this paper, with the ASTER images, principal component analysis(PCA) was used to extract the anomalous information of iron-stain, hydroxyl alteration and carbonate, and the quantitative inversion of SiO2 content of surface rock was used to extract silicified alteration. Comparing with the existing geological data, the field verification shows that the extracted information is in good agreement with the actual situation,and the relevant factor reaches 88.9%. Based on the known mineralization in the mining area, regional structure, remote sensing alteration information and rock distribution, two favorable prospecting areas were successfully delineated, which provides great support for exploration in this area. This study proves the reliability of the alteration anomaly extraction by the method of PCA and the quantitative inversion of SiO2 content based on ASTER data, which can be extended to the alteration information extraction of similar areas.
2017 Vol. 4 (5): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 286 ) RICH HTML PDF (3877 KB)  ( 55 )
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