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2018 Vol. 5, No. 1
Published: 2018-02-20
 
1 Deep exploration technology and prospecting direction for lithium energy metal
WNAG Denghong, SUN Yan, LIU Xifang, TIAN Shihong, DAI Jingjing, LIU Lijun, MA Shengchao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.01
With the rapid development of new energy automobile industry and the breakthroughs of controlled fusion technology, the strategic position of lithium continues to improve. Although domestic lithium reserves in salt lake deposits are huge in China, the development and utilization technology still needs to be improved. There have been great breakthroughs in prospecting for hard rock type lithium in Jiajika of Sichuan, but the general level of prospecting is still very low, especially that most drilling depths are less than 300 m. The external dependence of lithium in China is up to 74%. So it is extremely urgent to carry out deep lithium energy metal exploration in the known lithium reservoirs. The important trends of deep lithium ore deposits exploration are studying metallogenic regularity of lithium energy metal, lithium isotope, geogas prospecting, deep-penetrating geochemical prospecting, potential evaluation techniques and prospecting methods. By summarizing the general features of different types, metallogenic condition and burial depth of lithium ores including Sichuan Jiajika, Xinjiang Kalu’an, Sichuan Huangjinkou and Guizhou Dazhuyuan, the authors generalized the metallogenic regularity and distribution of lithium resources, and indicated prospecting direction as follows: prospecting deep lithium deposits in Jijika and Keeryin of Sichuan according to the model of "five floors + basement", predicting concealed rocks in Kalu’an of Xingjiang, prospecting the liquid lithium resource by co-exploration of potash and lithium in Huangjinkou of Sichuan, and prospecting the sediment-type lithium resource in Chongqing and Guizhou.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 763 ) RICH HTML PDF (3436 KB)  ( 1627 )
10 Geothermal energy potential analysis of karst reservoir in Linqing depression of Shandong Province
TAN Zhirong, KANG Fengxin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.02
There are thick carbonate strata of Cambrian-Ordovician buried at Linqing depression in Shandong Province, which are a favorable target for geothermal exploitation. Based on the seismic interpretation and drilling results obtained during petroleum exploration, and by comprehensively analyzing the results of previous studies, the authors compiled the average geothermal gradient map of Cenozoic and the contour map of Ordovician burying depth, and adopted temperature gradient estimation formula for the strata temperature calculation of Ordovician roof. Combined with the Cambrian-Ordovician strata thickness distribution, and using the temperature of 120 ℃ at the Ordovician roof as the beginning temperature and 90 ℃ as the lowest temperature, the authors predicted the prospect of geothermal power generation. The results show that the geothermal resources in the karst reservoir are really prospective, and the total heat resource that can be used for geothermal power plant is 1.27×1015 MJ, which is equivalent to 1.35×105 MW of electricity power. And the heat resource contained in the 240 ℃ high temperature area can meet the requirements of power supply in this region.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 10-15 [Abstract] ( 615 ) RICH HTML PDF (3493 KB)  ( 528 )
16 Application of induced polarization method in antimony ore exploration of Dachang in Guizhou
ZHANG Xijun, LI Jiabin, MENG Yinghua, QU Niannian
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.03
This paper briefly introduced the basic theory and working methods of induced polarization (IP) method, and the geological and geophysical characteristics of Dachang antimony ore area in Guizhou. The application effect of IP method in antimony ore exploration was mainly discussed. Through comprehensive analysis and research on anomaly of IP intermediate gradient and IP sounding,the authors attained the spatial variation characteristics of strata resistivity in the study area. Then the strata boundary between the Mount Emei basalt and Longtan sandstone was identified. The structure of the study area was deduced and the ore bearing favorable position was circled. Comparing with the drilling data, the authors found that the geophysical exploration and the drilling data were basically consistent, which indicated that IP has good antimony ore prospecting results(IP).
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 16-22 [Abstract] ( 462 ) RICH HTML PDF (5969 KB)  ( 550 )
23 Discussion on genesis and metallogenic model of perlite deposits in western Liaoning
WEI Qiang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.04
As an acid volcanic glass lava, perlite can be made into a variety of perlite products with different cementing agents. These products have the properties of light weight, corrosion resistance, good sound insulation and non-combustion, and are also widely used in construction, chemical and defense and other fields. Western Liaoning is one of the important perlite-producing areas in Liaoning and even in China, so the study on genesis and metallogenic model of perlite deposits in this region is of significant practical importance. On the basis of fully understanding the geological characteristics of perlite deposits in this area, and Ombined with previous research results, the authors summarized the temporal and spatial distribution of ore deposits, analyzed the genesis of ore deposits and constructed the metallogenic model. The research results show that western Liaoning has good environmental conditions of perlite mineralization, and further mineral resources evaluation work need to be carried out.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 23-27 [Abstract] ( 536 ) RICH HTML PDF (2572 KB)  ( 710 )
28 Tectonic framework and evolution of Tianshan in China and Kyrgyzstan
MENG Guanglu, LUO Yanjun, WANG Bin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.05
Tianshan in China and Kyrgyzstan is located in the middle of Tianshan orogenic belt, with complex geological structure and abundant mineral resources. On the basis of previous studies, and according to the distribution and space-time characteristics of regional tectonic-rock combination, the authors divided the study area into Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and the two plates are connected by Late Paleozoic suture zone of southern Tianshan. Then the study area was further divided into five secondary units and eighteen third-level units. The results show that the northern, middle and southern Tianshan tectonic frameworks are continuous in the study area and the continental blocks were split at 800 Ma (equivalent to the bottom of Nanhua), which become parts of the Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercontinent. Later, the study area has experienced roughly the same structural evolution. From the beginning of the Middle Permian, the area transferredin to continental basin-mountain tectonic pattern. In Cenozoic, the collision between subcontinent of India and Eurasia has improved the continental basin-mountain tectonics pattern.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 575 ) RICH HTML PDF (2774 KB)  ( 565 )
37 Aeromagnetic field feature and lithologic mapping in eastern Guizhou
WANG Weiping, WU Chengping, MA Xunbiao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.06
In order to ascertain the metallogenic geological background of the huge coverage areas in Eastern Guizhou, and based on the 1:50 000 aeromagnetic data in 2014 and the data of geology and gravity, the authors studied the aeromagnetic features of different magmatic rocks and structure units in the study area. And the region structure map was completed based on comprehensive analysis. Through comparison and analysis, seven new intrusive rocks, fifteen altered rocks and seventeen faults with different scales were outlined. The results are of great significance for the study of basic geology and ore prospecting in Eastern Guizhou.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 37-43 [Abstract] ( 476 ) RICH HTML PDF (6376 KB)  ( 509 )
44 Recognition of Tuquan Basin structure based airborne gravity magnetic characteristics
LIU Yanxu, LI Wenyong, CAO Anqi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.07
In order to obtain the basic data of aerogeophysical survey and provide some reference for hydrocarbon resources survey and evaluation in Tuquan Basin, China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources carried out the 1:100 000 airborne gravity and magnetic survey in this area. Based on the latest airborne gravity and magnetic data and measured petrophysical data, the authors studied the gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics of Tuquan Basin and its adjacent areas, analyzed the relationship between airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies and stratigraphic distribution, faults movement and igneous rocks distribution, and mainly discussed the characteristics of basin basement. The results show that the airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies of the study area have obvious regularity in the intensity, distribution range, shape, gradient and strike. The distribution of fault system in this area has obvious correlation with gravity and magnetic field characteristics. The NNE-NE trending, NW trending and NE trending of fault structures have obvious controlling effects on the basin sedimentary and igneous rocks distribution. The basin basement should be composed of low-grade metamorphic rocks of Lower Paleozoic and moderately metamorphic rocks of Prepaleozoic.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 44-50 [Abstract] ( 578 ) RICH HTML PDF (2054 KB)  ( 331 )
51 Formation age and petrological geochemical characteristics of intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Dashuigou of East Kunlun organic belt
DENG Hongbin, XIE Qixing, WEI Huacai, SUN Ping, YAO Bo
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.08
The authors investigated zircon U-Pb dating and petrological geochemical characteristics in the east of East Kunlun orogenic belt. The results show that the U-Pb age of zircons in tonalite is (402±2) Ma, belonging to Early Devonian of Variscan. The petrological geochemical characteristics show that the aluminium saturation A/CNK index ranges from 0.946 to 1.077, and the ratio of light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE) is from 2.94 to 18.93, which indicates the enrichment of light rare earth elements. And the δEu parameter is between 0.01 and 0.85, belonging to europium depletion type. The δCe parameter is between 0.95 and 1.23, reflecting normal-slightly enrichment. Overall, the rocks are mainly by I-type granite. Combined with the tectonic discrimination diagrams, the authors concluded that intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Dashuigou are orogenic granite formed after Early Devonian.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 509 ) RICH HTML PDF (4511 KB)  ( 363 )
60 Weak magnetic anomalies characteristics and its recognition in Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section)
HE Liuchang, CHAN Siwei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.09
The main tasks of metallogenic background survey of gold polymetallic deposit in Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section) are ascertaining the occurrence status of concealed rock bodies in Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section), delineating the contact area between rock bodies and surrounding rocks and the target area, and speculating the ore bearing position. The Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section) is a weak magnetic anomaly area, and the measured magnetic anomalies are disordered and difficult to recognize. Through multi-parameter transformation process, such as reducing to the pole, moving average, matched filtering, vertical first derivative and upward continuation, the authors extracted low anomaly of the regular shape and easy identification from the weak magnetic anomalies. The processing results were screened and compared. Then the abnormal magnetic features which are favorable for geological interpretation were screened out. The results show that weak magnetic anomalies are superimposed anomalies in NW extension and have large coverage areas. Secondary anomalies are in NNW-NE direction and the west convex arc extends to the Qian’oupan. According to the geological background of Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section) and the magnetic parameters of rocks (ores), and through the comparative analysis of measured magnetic anomalies and magnetic anomaly characteristics of Qian’oupan diorite-porphyrite, the authors speculated that the low anomalies are caused by the concealed intermediate-acid complex rocks. The research provides some reference for the comprehensive interpretation of the metallogenic background survey of gold polymetallic deposit in Xu-Su arcuate structure (north of Anhui section) and the delineation of the target area.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 60-65 [Abstract] ( 457 ) RICH HTML PDF (5053 KB)  ( 328 )
66 Quality control and valuation for digital aerial photography in coastal zone
CHEN Jie, GAO Zihong, DU Lei, LI Jing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.10
Coastal zone has the characteristics of wide distribution and tide changes, and it is difficult to find ground control points in coastal zone. However, using airborne POS and digital aerial photography technology could overcome these shortcomings of traditional methods. Because the quality of the digital aerial photography is the determinant of result accuracy and geological interpretation, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of acquired digital aerial photography data. This paper firstly analyzed the operation processes of aerial photography and categories of results, selected the index elements which can comprehensively measure the quality of aerial photography, and then controlled these elements to improve the final quality. Secondly, based on the weight given to these elements based on the expert experience method and mathematical statistics, the authors proposed a weighting method involving total factors to evaluate the quality of aerial photography. Finally the correlation between sub elements which influence the quality during the obtaining and processing procedure was identified. And this feature could be used to improve or control quality elements to achieve the purpose of enhancing the accuracy of results. The valuation for aerial remote sensing data of Bohai Sea coastal zone shows that the overall quality is excellent and it matches the actual mapping results. The precision of the results could meet the needs of the coastal geological survey, and the quality control and valuation methods are also feasible.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 66-72 [Abstract] ( 434 ) RICH HTML PDF (1846 KB)  ( 541 )
73 Ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar and its application in monitoring typical slopes
LIU Bin, GE Daqing, LI Man, ZHANG Ling, WANG Yan, GUO Xiaofang, WANG Yi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.11
In order to do real-time monitoring of slope movement and study the time-series displacement analysis of IBIS-L GB-InSAR, the authors designed and optimized the observation schemes and data processing methods. Landslide of Dashuchang Town, unstable slope of Shennongjia forest region, and open-pit slope of Beizhan iron mine were monitored through the technology. The glacier in the south of Beizhan tunnel was also experimentally measured. The results of GB-InSAR monitoring showed that GB-SAR devices have high observation stability under complex working conditions, and the accuracy of GB-InSAR can reach sub-millimeter level with proper observation conditions. GB-InSAR has become an important technique to monitor the slope displacement. This extends the displacement monitoring mode, making it transferring from“large-scale, wide-coverage” satellite InSAR to“small-scale, locally refined measurement”GB-InSAR. Therefore, it further enriches the understanding of slope deformation phonomenon, and lays the technical foundation for“satellite-ground”combined InSAR to monitor surface deformation process.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 73-81 [Abstract] ( 946 ) RICH HTML PDF (5843 KB)  ( 1185 )
82 Design method of subway U-shaped structure in high groundwater level area
LI Wandi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.12
In order to solve engineering problems of high groundwater level or unable to reduce the groundwater level due to site restriction and some other special reasons, the author used the U-shaped structure to connect the underground tunnel with the ground subgrade. Based on the geological conditions and hydrogeological characteristics in the study area, and combined with domestic engineering examples, the author determined the U-shaped structure cross-section and calculation model of side wall and bottom board. Then the force and reinforcement were analyzed and calculated, the crack width and anti-floating stability were checked, and foundation pit enclosure and groundwater controlling measurements were selected. Cantilever beam was selected as the calculating model, and bottom board was selected as the elastic foundation beam. The reinforcements were calculated with the most unfavorable load combination. Meanwhile, the groundwater was controlled by tube well precipitation and waterproof curtain. The calculated and checked results could satisfy the design requirements, and engineering measurements are reasonable. This research could provide some reference and instruction for similar engineering design.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 82-88 [Abstract] ( 515 ) RICH HTML PDF (1796 KB)  ( 315 )
89 Study on influencing factors of comprehensive thermal conductivity of rock and soil
ZHOU Yang, ZHANG Hui, GUI Zhongqiang, WANG Ke, ZHANG Yage
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.01.13
In order to alleviate the contradiction between energy consumption and economic development in China, and adjust the national energy structure effectively, the government vigorously encourages to develop and use the green geothermal energy. Through the indoor test method and on-site thermal response experiment, the authors summarized the thermal conductivity characteristics and the influencing factors for different rock and soil. The results show that the thermal conductivity is in negative correlation with natural moisture content and porosity, and in positive correlation with natural weight and drying weight. The thermal conductivity is more affected by drying weight and porosity, and less affected by natural moisture content and natural weight. Through comparing the difference between the heating power and the thermal conductivity for the single and double U ground heat exchangers, the authors summarized that the comprehensive thermal conductivity of rock and soil in high power (6 000 W) is 10%~30% higher than that in low power (4 000 W). In the same power condition and the same site, the thermal conductivity for double U ground heat exchanger is about 30% higher than that for the single U ground heat exchanger. The utilization of double U ground heat exchanger can effectively reduce the hole depth and quantity. Through systematically analyzing the influencing factors of thermal conductivity of rock and soil, this paper provides statistical and theoretical support for geothermal energy exploration and evaluation. The results could promote the development and utilization of regional geothermal energy and be used for the construction of environment-friendly society.
2018 Vol. 5 (1): 89-94 [Abstract] ( 567 ) RICH HTML PDF (1560 KB)  ( 454 )
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