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2020 Vol. 7, No. 3
Published: 2020-06-20
 
1 Progresses and main achievements of comprehensive geological survey project of natural resources in Chengde
YIN Zhiqiang, WEI Xiaofeng, LIU Wenbo, LI Xia, XING Yingmei, CHEN Liang, WANG Ruifeng, YANG Rui, MA Guangwei, PENG Chao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.01
In order to actively investigate the new measures and mechanisms of geological surveys to support the ecological civilization construction and natural resources management, and to enrich the practical experience of transformation and upgrading of geological surveys, China Geological Survey has organized and implemented Comprehensive Geological Survey Projects of Natural Resources in Ecological Civilization Demonstration Areas of Chengde since 2017. Based on the requirement ammunication, field surveys, evaluation and mapping, the authors have initially obtained some important results. ① Natural resource endowment characteristics and environmental background conditions of water, soil, geological relics and ecology in Chengde have been basically identified. And geological problems and potential risks of mine geological environment, forest, grass and wetland have also been investigated. ② The supporting model for the comprehensive survey of natural resources has been explored, from the respects of the evaluation of natural resources and historical culture, the establishment of new ecological cultural tourism pattern and the optimization of the planting sturcture in fruit industry. ③ The controlling relationship between geological formations and agricultural and ecological patterns has been basically ascertained. And the preferred areas of cultivated land resources and afforestation were proposed based on this. ④ Shuangluan district was taken as an example to explore the distribution characteristics of land surface substrate layers, which provided a theoretical basis for suitable forests, farming land and grass. ⑤ The genesis mechanism of mineral water in bedrock mountain areas and trinity technological route of survey and evaluation on quantity and quality, ecology of land resources was put forward. The preliminary progress and results will provide scientific and technological support for the land space planning and use control, ecological protection and remediation, ecological civilization construction and natural resources management in Chengde.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 471 ) RICH HTML PDF (13283 KB)  ( 557 )
13 Study on the development and utilization prospection of shallow geothermal energy of saline underground water in Northern Shandong Plain
ZHAO Jichu, JI Honglei, LIU Huan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.02
In order to provide a way to expand clean heating energy and promote the utilization scale of groundwater heat pump system, the authors focused on the widespread saline water body in the study area, based on the stratigraphic characteristics of Quaternary strata. The distribution patterns of sand and saline water body of Quaternary were analyzed, and the pumping tests and reinjection hydrogeology tests from four previous shallowing geothermal energy exploration projects were summarized. The results show that the yield of a single well is 320-475 m3/d in saline water layers, with the unit yield of 12.76-28.3 m3/(d·m). And the natural reinjection rate is 30-56 m3/d, with the unit reinjection of 5.85-17.5 m3/(d·m). The total allowable heating floor area is 3 481.02 m2 for one well, which could satisfy the heat load of 35 rural houses in winter. The groundwater heat pump system is preferable in the shallow geothermal development in the study area, while the scatter distributed ground-coupled heat pump system is optional for single rural building with less energy need for space heating/cooling.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 13-20 [Abstract] ( 292 ) RICH HTML PDF (5903 KB)  ( 282 )
21 Geological characteristics and favorable areas prediction of shale gas in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Zheng’an area of Northern Guizhou
HE Yongzhong, XIANG Kunpeng, AN Yayun, YI Chengxing, YANG Zhongqin, YU Ning
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.03
In order to determine the shale gas geological characteristics of Wufeng Formation in upper Ordovician and Longmaxi Formation in Lower Silurian of Zheng'an area in Northern Guizhou, the authors used geology survey,gravity,magnetic,two dimensional seismic,geological well and test analysis methods to carry out 1:50000 shale gas basic geology survey. The distribution, depositional environment, organic geochemical, mineral composition, reservoir properties and hydrocarbon content and other characteristics of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation rich organic shale were obtained. The results show that the rich organic shale belongs to deep water continental shelf facies, mainly distributed in Anchang, Banzhu and Nigao syncline, with a thickness of 14.5-55 m and burial depth of 0-3 200 m. The TOC content is between 1.0% and 4.0%, and the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is between 1.82% and 2.23%, with the organic matter type mainly I kerogen. The rocks are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals. The brittle mineral content is high, generally more than 50%. The porosity is generally between 2.03% and 3.89%,and the permeability is generally between 0.35×10-5 μm2 and 1.86×10-5 μm2, showing the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability. The highest gas content is 2.88m3/t, showing good gas content characteristics. Three favorable target areas for the shale gas in Zheng’an area were identified through comprehensive analysis and evaluation optimization, that is Anchang,Banzhu and Nigao block respectively, which provides exploration direction for shale gas exploration and development in the study area.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 276 ) RICH HTML PDF (8193 KB)  ( 225 )
30 Gravity three-dimensional (3D) inversion and deep ore prospecting potential in Qinglong-Dachang ore concentration area in Guizhou Province
QU Niannian, LI Jiabin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.04
Qinglong-Dacalhang ore concentration area is one of the important antimony deposit areas in Guizhou Province, and the fault structures and magnetic activities have great influence on the antimony mineralization. Based on gravity data, geology, mineral and geochemical data, the authors analyzed the fault structures and 3D morphology of granite body synthetically, by processing and inverting the gravity data in this paper. Combined with the condition the fault structures, shape of the rock body and geology, mineral and Sb-Au element anomalies, the authors also deduced that the deep faults and shallow faults provided a migration pathway for the magmatic hydrothermal fluids and controlled the top surface of the rock body. The limestone of Maokou Formation, Emeishan Basalt and fault structures were well developed in Dachang-Bihen area of the clamping area between fault F8 and F11, along with fault F11. The Sb-Au element anomalies were high, with large scale, which were a favorable region for deep ore prospecting. This research would provide the geophysical basis for deep ore prospecting.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 30-37 [Abstract] ( 316 ) RICH HTML PDF (8200 KB)  ( 117 )
38 Metallogenic series and regularity of skarn-type deposits in Huaibei area of Anhui Province
CHAN Siwei, YANG Zhi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.05
Huaibei area is an important iron-copper metallogenic area in northern Anhui Province. In order to summarize the metallogenic series and regularity of skarn-type deposits systematically in this area, based on recent prospecting results and the diagenesis and metallogenic chronology, the authors systematically investigated the geological characteristics and metallogenic conditions of the known deposits and divided thern into three metallogenic series. They are skarn-type iron-copper-gold metallogenic series related to high-K calc-alkali intrusive rocks, skarn-type iron-gypsum metallogenic series related to high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks and skarn-type iron-light rare earth metallogenic series related to monzogranite. Then the geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of four typical deposits were discussed respectively. The results show that the deposit formation can be divided into two stages in this area, and the metallogenic space is controlled by deep faults, arc structures and magmatic belts. Finally, the regional metallogenic models of Qianchang type, Yangqiaozi type and Wangchang type iron polymetallic deposits in the early stage of Early Cretaceous and Qiganlou type iron-light rare earth deposits in the late stage of Early Cretaceous were established.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 298 ) RICH HTML PDF (6628 KB)  ( 494 )
45 Analysis of ore-bearing properties of major stratigraphic units in Harlik area of Xinjiang Province
LIU Liang, ZHANG Jie, LI Jiangtao, MA Yunchao, DAI Yuan, XU Tao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.06
The Harlik metallogenic belt is a favorable area for polymetallic mineralization of Cu,Au, W, Sn, Mo, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co. In order to further study the ore-bearing properties of each stratum in the metallogenic belt, based on the 1:50 000 stream sediment measurements in Hami area of Tianshan Mountains, the authors analyzed the characteristic parameters, distribution and evolution of 17 elements, and the ore-bearing properties of 7 stratigraphic units. The results show that Au, Sb and Bi are of extremely uneven distribution (Cv≥1.5), and As, Hg and W are of uneven distribution (1.5>Cv≥1.0). There are four distribution types of elements in the region: symmetry, positive bias, negative bias and bimodal. The concentration coefficients of these elements and oxides show a wavy and tortuous change in each stratigraphic unit. Iron group elements are mainly enriched in Daliugou Formation and Tousuquan Formation. Tungsten and molybdenum group elements are mainly enriched in Tousuquan Formation. Au is mainly enriched in Daliugou Formation and Dananhu Formation. Au, Cu, W, Bi, Fe, Mn and Zn are the dominant mineral resources in the study area after comprehensive analysis. And the main mineralizing elements are Au, Cu and Fe, and their optimum enrichment age is Ordovician, followed by Devonian. The Daliugou Formation of Ordovician is the main ore-bearing stratum.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 45-54 [Abstract] ( 263 ) RICH HTML PDF (4768 KB)  ( 207 )
55 Geological structure revelation based on geochemical anomalies: A case study in Huiyuan Temple area of Sichuan Province
QIN Yulong, ZHAN Hanyu, WU Wenhui, LI Zheng, XIONG Changli, XU Yunfeng, LI Mingze
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.07
In order to probe the characters of tectonic structures in the study area, the authors conducted the 1:50 000 regional geochemical profile scan and took Huiyuan Temple area in Daofu County of Sichuan Province as a case study. The anomaly distribution and background value characters of the typical elements were compared with the known inferred faults, hidden rocks and geological boundaries. The results show that element (or anomaly) distribution characters correspond to the characters of fault activities, rocks and strata, which have been largely affected by the known geological structure (Xianshuihe Fault Zone). The formation and change of geochemical anomaly is closely related to those tectonic structures during the metallogenic period. Therefore, these data could be used to invert and infer the tectonic activity charaters. Based on the known faults and combined with the geochemical data and geological observation, the authors preliminarily inferred the spatial distribution of geological bodies and the locations of tectonic boundaries, and identified six inferred faults. This research aims to infer about those unknown regions and concealed geological structures, which provides some reference for future geological prospecting.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 55-60 [Abstract] ( 280 ) RICH HTML PDF (3916 KB)  ( 160 )
61 Features and buried environment analysis of fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County in Liaoning Province
YAO Yonglong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.08
In order to ascertain the species, quantity and occurrence layers of the fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County, the authors harvested lots of Mesozoic fossils such as reptiles,birds,fishes and plant species, through geological surveys, section measurements and excavations. According to the comparison between the measured section and typical section, it is concluded that the fossil-bearing stratum is the No.1 Member of Jiufotang Formation, which belongs to the lacustrine facies. This research enriches the Mesozoic fossils data of Western Liaoning Province.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 61-66 [Abstract] ( 250 ) RICH HTML PDF (5383 KB)  ( 182 )
67 Crystallinity and metamorphism of illite from Triassic strata in Henan County of Qinghai Province
WANG Yi, YANG Xuejun, BAI Xianzhou, YE Chunlin, JIA Xiaochuan, XIONG Changli, HUANG Baixin, LUO Gai
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.09
In order to verify the Triassic stratum metamorphism in this area, the crystallinity of illite in mudstone (shale) of Triassic stratum was analyzed and tested during the 1:50 000 regional mineral geological survey (I47E007023, I47E008023, I47E009023,1I47E009024)in Tuoyema area of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County in Qinghai Province. According to the experimental results of 30 samples, the crystallinity index of Triassic mudstone (shale) illite Kübler in Zongwulong-Zeku stratigraphic division in the north is 0.312-0.537, and the cell parameter b0 is 0.898-0.903 2 nm. The metamorphic temperature is less than 350 ℃, with the grape-chlorite and zeolite facies. The crystallinity index of Triassic mudstone (shale) illite Kübler in the western inclined mountain stratigraphic division in the south is 0.21-0.318, and the b0 value is 0.898 1-0.901 4 nm. The metamorphic temperature is mainly between 200 and 350 ℃, with the local temperature above 350 ℃ and grape-chlorite and greenschist facies. It is considered that the regional metamorphism grade in this area is very low or has no regional metamorphism. The metamorphism degree of the western dipping mountain stratum in the south is slightly higher than that of Zongwulong-Zeku stratum in the north. The measured metamorphic facies belts are not consistent with the previous thought, that is "regional low temperature dynamic metamorphism and low greenschist facies metamorphic belts", and the degree of metamorphism is relatively lower. It is confirmed that there is no large area regional metamorphism in the Triassic strata of Henan County in Qinghai Province, but only very low-level regional metamorphism.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 67-74 [Abstract] ( 272 ) RICH HTML PDF (6265 KB)  ( 203 )
75 Development and evolution of Shenxian Mountains overthrust nappe structure in the middle and north section of Taihang Mountains
HE Jiaoyue, WANG Jingui, SHEN Zongyi, GUO Bin, CHEN Yuanyuan, JI Hong, ZHANG Liguo, ZHANG Pengcheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.10
The deformation characteristics, evolution mechanism and metallogenic relationship of overthrust nappe structure in Taibaiwei Mountains which is the main ore-controlling factor of polymetallic deposits in the middle and north section of Taihang Mountains, have been studied in detail by predecessors, but Shenxian Mountains overthrust nappe structure in southeastern Taihang Mountains is rarely studied. Based on the first-hand data in the field, the geometrical characteristics of the overthrust nappe structure in Shenxian Mountains were statistically analyzed. The distribution, occurrence pattern, deformation mechanism of each unit (Feilai Peak, overthrust nappe fault, exotic rock series (nappe) and autochthone) were analyzed. And the kinematics characteristics were studied based on the assemble pattern, the development thickness of relevant stratum, and the geometric relationship between each overthrust nappe fault and cut stratum. The overall nappe direction of the overthrust nappe structure in Shenxian Mountains is from NW to SE, with the average distance of total thrust about 23.3km. Combined with the precedence relationship between the geological body cut by the nappe structure and the covered and reconstructed performance, the authors discussed the development and evolution process of the overthrust nappe structure in Shenxian Mountains. This overthrust nappe structure has gone three stages, namely the initial activity in Middle and Late Hualixi - Early Yanshan Period, main development in Middle and Late Yanshan Period and reform activity in Late Himalaya Period, which provides tectonic geological data for further study on the strata, magmatic rocks, and the relationship between minerals and structures in this overthrust nappe structure belt.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 75-81 [Abstract] ( 224 ) RICH HTML PDF (7206 KB)  ( 361 )
82 Study on the characteristics and formation mechanism of the typical post-fire debris flow in Lushan area of Xichang City: A case study of 3# branch on the left bank of Xiangshuigou
TIE Yongbo, XU Ruge, LIU Hong, WANG Jiazhu, BA Renji, XIANG Anping, YANG Jian, OUYANG Yuan, ZHANG Yu, WANG Hong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.11
On March 30, 2020, a forest fire broke out in Liangshan area of Xichang City in Sichuan Province. After the fire, the ash and burnt soil easily developed into debris flow in case of heavy rainfall, which brought potential geological hazard risks to the ecological environment of Lushan and safety of local people's lives and properties in Qionghai and Lushan areas. Taking 3# branch on the left bank of Xiangshuigou in Anha Town as an example, the authors conducted field investigation, UAV aerial photography, geophysical exploration, field and indoor experiments to study the fluid characteristics, dynamic parameters and genetic mechanism of the post-fire debris flow on May 1, 2020. The features of movement, provenance scale and deduced precipitation were also systematically analyzed. This achievement could provide some reference for the study of the development trend of the post-fire debris flow and the mitigation of disasters in this area.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 82-88 [Abstract] ( 361 ) RICH HTML PDF (4950 KB)  ( 532 )
89 Susceptibility zoning of geological disasters based on GIS: A case of Huining area in Gansu Province
DONG Yibing, YU Wen, ZHANG Zhongfu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.12
Huining County is located in the central part of Gansu Province, and the geological disasters are extremely developed in this area. There are 16 collapses, 12 landslides and 7 mudslides, which have caused great economic loss. In order to divide and evaluate the susceptibility zoning of geological disasters in Huining County, the authors established the geological disaster database based on the regional geological disaster investigations. The evaluation model of geological disaster susceptibility analysis was established by the analytic hierarchy process and statistical method of GIS spatial analysis, and 14 basic indicator layers were selected. The evaluation units were overlaid, analyzed and verified, and the results show that the geological disaster susceptibility in Huining County can be divided into three zones of high easy-happening area, medium easy-happening area and low easy-happening area. It is considered that the evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual situation of geological disasters, with the expert evaluation method to examine the geological disaster susceptibility results. The evaluation results can provide some reference for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of geological disasters in Huining County.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 89-95 [Abstract] ( 362 ) RICH HTML PDF (4557 KB)  ( 400 )
96 Analysis and suggestions on land subsidence control in Dezhou of Shandong Province
WANG Mingzhu, WAN Junwei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.13
The land subsidence in Dezhou of Shandong Province has a long history with the characteristics of large amount, wide distribution and ongoing development. The prevention and control situation of land subsidence is becoming urgent. In order to analyze the possibility of realizing the goal in Subsidence Control Program in Dezhou, Shandong Province (from 2018 to 2025) on schedule, based on the current situation of land subsidence in Dezhou and the existing prevention and control means, the authors analyzed the subsidence control target feasibility through the quantitative calculation of regional subsidence rate formulas and the prediction of central subsidence rate. The analysis results show that under the strictest water resource management system, the subsidence control goal could be realized. At present, there are some problems in the prevention and control of land subsidence, for example, the monitoring means and frequency of land subsidence need to be improved, the prevention and control funds is lack of guarantee, and the subsidence mechanism research and govemance is still not enough. Then from the aspects of governance and technology, the authors put forward some suggestions, including improving the monitoring network, controlling the exploitation of groundwater, and expanding the propaganda of land subsidence knowledge. The study can provide some reference for the effective prevention and control of land subsidence in Dezhou.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 96-103 [Abstract] ( 356 ) RICH HTML PDF (3339 KB)  ( 471 )
104 Discussion on the calculation of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well for stratified thermal reservoir
LIU Shuai, FENG Shoutao, LIU Zhitao, HUANG Song, HUANG Xing, ZHU Limin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.03.14
In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources and prevent the occurrence of thermal breakthrough during the process of geothermal water reinjection, the authors systematically summarized the calculation formulas of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well in this paper. Three shortcomings in the calculation method of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well were identified through theoretical derivation. (1) The parameter f, which is defined as the ratio of the specific heat of water to that of thermal reservoir rocks, is defective. (2) The value of the thermal reservoir recovery rate defined as 0.15 is relatively unilateral, which is not applicable for geothermal wells with different lithology. (3) The calculation time is fixed as 36 500 d, which is not appropriate for geothermal wells with interval development. Based on the problems above, the authors redefined the parameter f and used variables to replace the previous thermal reservoir recovery rate and exploitation time, which can be identified according to different thermal reservoirs and specific exploitation time. By comparison of the applicable conditions of different calculation formulas of the rights protection radius of the geothermal well, the authors proposed that different calaulation formuas should be chosen based on the relationship of the size between β-1-α and 3λ. And by comparison of the rights protection radius calculation formulas for the mining well and the recharge well, it is found that the rights protection radius of the mining well is always bigger than that of the recharge well. Finally, Shuiwen residential area of Decheng district was taken as an example to verfity the theoretical results.
2020 Vol. 7 (3): 104-108 [Abstract] ( 277 ) RICH HTML PDF (650 KB)  ( 283 )
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