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2020 Vol. 7, No. 4
Published: 2020-08-20
 
1 Main progress of investigation and test production of natural gas hydrate in permafrost of China
ZHU Youhai, ZHANG Yongqin, FANG Hui, LU Zhenquan, PANG Shouji, ZHANG Shuai, XIAO Rui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.01
China is one of the few countries in the world that have both marine and permafrost hydrates. China Geological Survey attaches great importance to the investigation and research of natural gas hydrate in permafrost areas, and officially established the project of Exploration and Test Production of Natural Gas Hydrate Resources in permafrost in 2016. It aims to realize the strategic new discovery of hydrate in permafrost regions as soon as possible and evaluate the resource potential, by carrying out geological, geophysical and drilling investigations in key permafrost regions in China, and to develop effective investigation, drilling and resource evaluation techniques for natural gas hydrate in permafrost regions. Since the beginning of the explorative survey of natural gas hydrate in permafrost in 2002, Muli natural gas hydrate producing area has been found in Qinghai, 2 suspected places have been found in Yakou Basin of Kunlun Mountains and Wuli area, with a series of prospecting clues and 12 potential hydrate belts with great resource potential have been evaluated in three metallogenic prospective areas of South Qilian Basin, Qiangtang Basin and Mohe Basin. The first single vertical well test in China and the first horizontal butt well test in the world were successfully carried out in Muli area of Qilian Mountains, and a series of achievements were obtained in gas hydrate formation, prospecting technology, environmental survey and platform construction. These achievements strongly promote the process of natural gas hydrate resources exploration test, and provide powerful support in State Council setting natural gas hydrate as the 173rd new mineral, initially forming a good situation of both land and sea investment and environmental protection.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 350 ) RICH HTML PDF (5528 KB)  ( 269 )
10 Analysis of the gas hydrate accumulation condition in Quemocuo area of Qiangtang Basin
ZHANG Shuai, ZHU Youhai, WANG Pingkang, FU Xiugen, WANG Dayong, WU Xinhe, PANG Shouji, XIAO Rui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.02
Based on the survey results of QK-8 gas hydrate drilling test well and the clue of high hydrocarbon gas in Quemocuo area, the authors systematically analyzed the influence of permafrost thickness on natural gas hydrate accumulation, hydrocarbon source rocks characteristics, reservoir space, mitigation system and other geological factors, considering the geological factors affecting gas hydrate accumulation in permafrost regions. The potential of gas hydrate accumulation was also clarified. The results show that the thickness of permafrost is large (100 m). Hydrocarbon source rocks of Triassic have a overall performance of high abundance of organic matter, with kerogen type Ⅱ2 and higher maturity (Ro about 1.3%~1.5%). The reservoir space is mainly composed of cavity - fractured reservoirs, followed by fracture and pore types. It has an effective migration pathway and a good regional cap layer. At the same time, natural gas hydrate associated minerals such as calcite and pyrite were well developed in the multilayer sections. It is concluded that there is a certain potential for gas hydrate accumulation in Quemocuo area after comprehensive analysis, which is the main direction for the comprehensive energy resources investigation of the gas hydrate petroleum system.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 10-19 [Abstract] ( 320 ) RICH HTML PDF (9594 KB)  ( 462 )
20 Characteristics and significance of natural gas hydrate reservoir of Triassic in well QH-2 in Harlahu Depression of Southern Qilian Basin
XIAO Rui, ZHU youhai, LU Zhenquan, LIU Hui, PANG Shouji, ZHANG Shuai, FAN Dongwen, WANG Weichao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.03
Harlahu Depression is basically a geological blank area now. Few studies on the formation and distribution of natural gas hydrate have been published, especially the research and understanding of natural gas hydrate reservoir in this area. The borehole QH-2 is located in the western part of Harlahu Depression of South Qilian Basin, and it was the first deep drilling hole for natural gas hydrate investigation in this area, in which Quaternary,Neogene—Paleogene and Triassic strata were drilled. The authors took the core of Triassic reservoir in well QH-2 as the research object to study the reservoir characteristics of Harlahu Depression, through the thin section observation of rock, porosity, permeability, rock density, casting thin section and other physical property tests, as well as the logging data. The research shows that Triassic reservoir of well QH-2 is widely distributed with great thickness. However, the physical property of the reservoir is poor, and most parts of the reservoir were unconventional reservoirs. The fractures are not developed, so it is difficult to form fracture type hydrate and pore type hydrate in the consolidated rock stratum similar to Muli area. While, the thick Quaternary loose sediments and Tertiary strata with relatively developed fissures were developed under the permafrost regions in this area, which may provide a better reservoir space for the formation of natural gas hydrate.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 20-27 [Abstract] ( 261 ) RICH HTML PDF (7426 KB)  ( 105 )
28 Prospecting ideas and research progress of extra-large Ta-Nb deposit in Renli of Hunan Province
YANG Shizhen, ZHOU Fangchun, LI Jianbin, LIU Xiang, LI Jiankang, HUANG Zhibiao, SU Junnan, LI Peng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.04
Renli extra-large Ta-Nb deposit is rich in tantalum, niobium and beryllium resources. The Ta2O5 resource is of extra-large scale and the Ta2O5 resource reaches large scale. In order to further study the occurrence characteristics, metallogenic regularity and the prospect of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources of rare metals in Renli extra-large Nb-Ta deposit, the authors have carried out the research work of geochemical analysis, EPMA, fluid inclusion study, isotope dating and mineral processing experiment. Based on the systematic review of the research progress in Renli extra-large Ta-Nb deposit, the authors also discussed the following prospectiong ideas of the deposit. There are many associated minerals in Renli Nb-Ta deposit, and the recovery rate of rare metals and the comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources are high. Therefore it has great value of development and utilization, and the efficient exploration and development that characterized by green, environmentally friendly and no tailings can be carried out in Renli Ta-Nb deposit as a typical example. Renli mining area is rich in tantalum, niobium and beryllium resources and has great prospecting potential. With increasing geological exploitation funding, it’s probable to make new prospecting progress of Ta-Nb-Be-Li rare metal. The next work will focus on the control of the deep ore bodies of No.2, 3, 5 and 6 main ore veins in the mining area in order to make new progress in tantalum niobium beryllium ore prospecting. The research work of concealed spodumene muscovite albite pegmatite in western or southwestern mining area will be strengthened in order to make a breakthrough in spodumene muscovite albite pegmatite type lithium ore prospecting.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 532 ) RICH HTML PDF (5771 KB)  ( 245 )
37 Evaluation of deep geothermal resources and delineation of favorable exploration areas in Binhai New Area, Tianjin
TANG Yongxiang, CHENG Wanqing, ZHAO Sumin, TIAN Guanghui, LI Yuanyuan, ZENG Meixiang, LI Hao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.05
The geothermal resources and petroleum coexist in Binhai New Area, Tianjin. In order to exploit and reduce the exploitation risk of the geothermal resources in oil field, the authors analyzed the thermal storage, geothermal field, sedimentary facies and fluid chemistry, and summaried the enrichment mechanism of thermal reservoir in Dongying Formation. The thermal fluid exploitation resources for 100 years were calculated by the numerical model, and the exploitation potential was evaluated. Then on the basis of the exploitation potential, the factor weight of oil-rich degree, size and temperature of geothermal resources in the favorable exploration areas was analyzed. The favorable exploration areas were partitioned. This research has important significance in the exploration of deep geothermal resources and the reduction of development risk in the oil area.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 291 ) RICH HTML PDF (4244 KB)  ( 333 )
43 Metallogenic regularity and mineral prediction of metallic deposits in Baiyin mine field and its periphery of Gansu Province
LIU Yanliang, GAO Ya, JI Wenzhong, WANG Jing, ZHANG Chunli
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.06
Through the mineral prospecting project in Baiyin mine field and its periphery of Gansu Province, the authors have delineated twelve 1:50 000 aeromagnetic anomaly areas, seven 1:50 000 high magnetic anomaly areas and sixty-four 1:50 000 geochemical prospecting anomaly areas. Besides, four mineral occurrences and six mineralized spots were found, including copper, lead, zinc etc. The temporal and spatial distribution of mineralization and the paragenesis and combination rules of mineral resources were also expounded, after a comprehensive study of the metallogenic geological conditions, 1:50 000 geochemical and geophysical anomalies and the characteristics of mineral occurrence distribution. The “multi-type” prospecting prediction model was concluded in the study area. Nine key metallogenic prospective areas were delineated, including three type A, two type B and four type C prospective areas. Four target prospecting areas were delineated, including one type A, one type B and two type C target prospecting areas.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 43-53 [Abstract] ( 332 ) RICH HTML PDF (7378 KB)  ( 600 )
54 New achievements of 1:50 000 regional geological survey of three sheets including Jingnan in Guizhou Province
HE Yongzhong, QIAO Weitao, ZHANG Housong, XIANG Kunpeng, HE Xiao, AN Yayun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.07
In order to find out the distribution of strata, rock, paleontology and Carlin-type gold desposits in Southwestern Guizhou Province, the authors developed the 1:50 000 regional geological survey of Jingnan sheet, Bajie sheet and Pojiao sheet using the new methods of digital geological mapping, modern geological theory and test methods. The results show that the strata graphical units were clarified and divided, and that 18 informal mapping units were established according to rock associations as well as animal and plant fossils. Marine reptile fossils--Ichthyosaurid were first found in shelf facies of late Early Triassic at Northwestern Youjiang Basin. Marine reptile fossils--Nothosaurus were also found in platform-edge reefs facies of Middle Triassic. 11 new mineralization occurrences were discovered, including 9 gold mineralization occurrences, 1 molybdenum mineralization occurrence and 1 collophanite mineralization occurrence. This paper also delineated three metallogenic prospective areas and one target area. The research can provide useful information for geological and mineral investigations and researches in this area.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 54-59 [Abstract] ( 241 ) RICH HTML PDF (4642 KB)  ( 448 )
60 Palynomorph fossil assemblages and ages of Muga-Gangri Rock Group in Gaize area of the middle and western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone in Tibet
BAI Peirong, XIONG Xingguo
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.08
The sedimentary age of Muga-Gangri Rock Group in the middle and western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone experienced the cleavage and extension of Bangong Co-Nujiang Ocean basin and the stage of extrusion convergence. The sedimentary age span is relatively large, but its sedimentation epoch limit is still inconclusive. In order to explore the relationship between the upper limit of the sedimentary age of Muga-Gangri Rock Group and the closure time of Bangong Co-Nujiang Ocean in the rectified area, through the field geological survey and indoor comprehensive research, the authors found the typical pollen molecule Dicheiropollis in Early Cretaceous. This discovery of pollen indicates that Muga-Gangri Rock Group in the middle and western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone continued to deposit in Early Cretaceous. These discoveries have great geological significance in the discussion of paleo geographical features, sedimentary environment and their development history in Mesozoic period in the middle and western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 60-66 [Abstract] ( 230 ) RICH HTML PDF (3545 KB)  ( 201 )
67 Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the monzonitic granite in Rongguo area in Middle Gangdise Belt
HU Lin, XU Gang, LIU Daming
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.09
In order to determine the geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic background of the monzonitic granite in Rongguo area, the authors conducted the research on petrology, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry. The results show that the zircons from the monzonitic granite are of magmatic genesis, and the zircon 206Pb/238U dating is (69±1) Ma, belonging to the Late Cretaceous. Al2O3, Na2O, K2O contents and K2O/Na2O ratio are 13.83%~14.41%, 3.68%~3.94%, 4.28%~4.35% and 1.08~1.18 respectively. The average aluminum saturation index (A/CNK) is 1.02, belonging to the weak peraluminous series. The rocks are enriched in LILE (Rb,U,K), strongly depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti, etc.). Combined with the study of regional tectonics, the authors insisted that magma activity had not stopped from 80 to 69 Ma. The rock mass is the magmatic product of the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, forming in the orogenic environment during the whole orogenic movement period.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 67-75 [Abstract] ( 326 ) RICH HTML PDF (5263 KB)  ( 242 )
76 Grain-size distribution characteristics and sedimentary environment of Silurian- -Devonian sandstone in Keping area of Xinjiang Province
YAN Kun, MA Wei, LIU Xiaodan, LI Na
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.10
In order to systematically study the evolution characteristics of Silurian- -Devonian sedimentary environment in Keping area, the authors analyzed the sandstone in detail through sedimentary, stratigraphic and grain size analysis. Four sedimentary environments, including river-controlled delta, tidal-controlled delta, tidal flat and coast, were identified, with their own unique grain-size characteristics and probability cumulative curves. River-controlled delta is featured with typical two stages, hop-suspension transition and low-skew multistage. Fan delta is featured with the upper arch arc. Tidal-controlled delta is featured with typical three stages and multistage. Coastal area is feotured with high oblique two stages and high oblique multistage. The sedimentary environment gradually changed from wet river-controlled delta to dry coastal deposit from Silurian to Devonian, with the increasing maturity of sandstone. This indicates that Keping area was gradually away from provenance area and in the background of structural stability.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 76-84 [Abstract] ( 236 ) RICH HTML PDF (8680 KB)  ( 126 )
85 Geological characteristics and tectonic implications of the deformed granite in Lalong area in the southern margin of Gangdise
TANG Hua, CHEN Yongdong, WEI Long, LI Ning
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.11
In the Gangdise magmatic arc develops an important ductile shear zone. In order to peer deeper into the genesis of the deformed granite and its deformation and properties, the authors studied the whole rock geochemistry, deformation structure and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the deformed granite in Lalong area in the southern margin of Gangdise. It is found that the deformed granite is distributed in nearly EW direction, the north side contacts with Mesozoic Mamuxia Formation along a fault,and the rest is covered by Quaternary system,after the geological profile measurement and field geological mapping of the deformed granite exposed in Lalong area in the southern margin of Gangdise.The main rock type is tonalite, belonging to high silica calc alkaline series. SiO2 content ranges from 66.2% to 71.0%, with an average of 68.3%. The content of total alkali (Na2O + K2O) is higher,so is the content of Al2O3 and MgO.The content of light rare earth elements (∑LREE) is higher than that of heavy rare earth elements (∑HREE). Rb, Th and other large ion lithophile elements are enriched, while Ta, Zr, Nb and other high field-strength elements are depleted. Sr content is high, Y content is low, and Sr/Y value is 73.02~99.05. All shows that the rock has the adakitic rock characteristics. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the deformed granite is (83.56±0.83) Ma, which is the late Cretaceous and represents the magmatic crystallization age.The deformed granite was mainly formed by partial melting of the thickened lower crust under the background of northward subduction and reduction of Neo-Tethys Ocean. During Miocene 28~13 Ma, the deformed granite underwent nearly EW trending left-lateral shear and northward slip ductile shear deformation.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 85-94 [Abstract] ( 240 ) RICH HTML PDF (7485 KB)  ( 149 )
95 Research on the numerical simulation of the groundwater flow field in bedrock islands
XU Haoli, WANG Daqing, DENG Zhengdong, DING Zhibin, ZHAO Xiaolan, LIU Zhixin, XU Xingang, SU Heyan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.12
The island is an important part of our territory, and it is of great significance to our national security and national defense. Groundwater resources in islands are particularly valuable. Simulation of the groundwater flow field is an important method to study the distribution of groundwater. Due to the flexible hydrogeological condition of islands and a small number of observation wells, the accuracy of hydrogeological model generalization was not high and the initial conditions were difficult to obtain. In order to overcome these difficulties of the groundwater flow field simulation in bedrock islands, the authors chose Wailingding Island in Zhuhai as a study case to build the geological model of island using the digital elevation model data. The geological layers data of the island were acquired thraugh GPR method, DC method and hydrogeological means. The initial water level of the groundwater was determined to build the groundwater flow field model by remote sensing elevation and well data. Finally, the groundwater flow images of simulation results were mapped through the numerical simulation of groundwater flow of Wailingding Island. The actual water levels of the measured multiple points were well correlated with the simulated water levels, with R2 of 0.872 2. It can be seen that using integrated remote sensing, geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological means and other methods and technologies to obtain data, and using the methods of simulation softwares or programs to simulate data, were effective research methods in the field of island groundwater resource.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 95-103 [Abstract] ( 253 ) RICH HTML PDF (7142 KB)  ( 129 )
104 GEO5 numerical simulation research on the soil landslide in the front road of Fushan high-speed railway station in Chengmai County of Hainan Province
YANG Feng, XUE Guicheng, LIU Changzhu, RUAN Ming, YANG Yongpeng, WANG Xiaolin, LI Xin, FU Youlong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.13
Based on the analysis of the morphological characteristics, stratigraphic lithology, hydrogeological environmental conditions and geological structure of the soil landslide in the front road of Fushan high-speed railway station in Chengmai County of Hainan Province, the three-dimensional visualization model of the landslide area was established through the stratum module in the GEO5 software, combined with topographic survey, layer structure and stratigraphic classification. On the basis of this model, the authors adopted the slope stability analysis module and Sarma method to conduct numerical simulation research on the slope stability and the position of the sliding surface under two working conditions of natural state and full water state. The simulation results are in agreement with the field survey results, which will provide some theoretical basis for the establishment of reasonable landslide prevention and control measures in the future.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 104-111 [Abstract] ( 247 ) RICH HTML PDF (7727 KB)  ( 125 )
112 Analysis of gob collapse characteristics in gypsum mine based on InSAR monitoring data—A case study of Pizhou Pingtai and Xizhou mine
TANG Zhigang, JING Jiajun, YAN Shishun, PAN Jiubao, LI Mengmeng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.14
Gypsum is an important mineral resource. Bulk mining of gypsum will cause serious gob collapse. At present, the research on gob collapse of gypsum mine mainly focuses on the stability of pillars and top layers in the gob area. The research on the surface deformation in gob collapse areas and the monitoring and forecasting methods is rare. What’s more, there is also a lack of effective methods. This article focuses on the study of surface deformation characteristics and collapse characteristics after gypsum mining. The surface deformation characteristics before gob collapse can be obtained from the InSAR monitoring data analysis on ground deformation in the mining area. According to the calculation and analysis of InSAR monitoring data of Pingtai and Xizhou mine from 2007 to 2018, it can be seen that the surface deformed gradually in the early stage before gob collapse. The deformation amount and scale can be used to analyze the gob type and scale. This research can provide data basis and scientific evidence for monitoring, forecasting and preventing ground collapse in gypsum mining area.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 112-117 [Abstract] ( 263 ) RICH HTML PDF (3775 KB)  ( 128 )
118 Demand projection of natural gas in China based on the hybrid model of sector consumption
GUO Xiaoqian, LIU Yongquan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.04.15
As a main clean energy in China, natural gas has received great attention under the requirement of the low-carbon development strategy. The demand projection of natural gas in China is very important for energy policymakers in future energy sources planning. The natural gas demand is influenced by a series of factors, which have a huge causal impact on demand projection. Therefore, the authors analyzed the influencing factors and the sector consumption of natural gas, and focused on the industrial, residential and transport sector to build a hybrid model. Based on the unit root tests, co-integration test and Granger causality test, the influencing factors of the natural gas demand were identified. Then the grey model and regression analysis were utilized to predict the demand for each factor. Finally, based on the projection above, the total natural gas demand for China will be 6 378.6×108 m3 in 2025.
2020 Vol. 7 (4): 118-124 [Abstract] ( 326 ) RICH HTML PDF (4070 KB)  ( 104 )
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