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2022 Vol. 9, No. 1
Published: 2022-02-20
 
1 Non-negligible new energy in the energy transition context: Natural hydrogen
TIAN Qianning, ZHANG Wei, WANG Haihua, SHAO Mingjuan, YAO Shuqing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.01
Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy. Hydrogen, as a clean energy that is flammable and does not produce pollution when burned, will play an important role in it. At present, the industrial methods for producing hydrogen are mainly by steam-hydrocarbon (such as coal and natural gas) reforming and by electrolysis of water. In contrast, the exploration and development of natural hydrogen had just started, and natural hydrogen is mined in Mali, Africa as the only example. However, natural hydrogen has been discovered around the world. According to previous studies, the authors of this paper found: natural hydrogen could be abiogenic such as deep-seated hydrogen generation, water-rock reaction or water radiolysis, as well as biogenic such as thermogenesis or microbial action; natural hydrogen can be divi-ded into three categories, including free hydrogen, inclusion hydrogen and dissolved hydrogen; natural hydrogen is widely distributed and presents great potential. According to a latest estimation, the potentiat natural hydrogen sources excluding deep source of hyarogen is about (254±91)×109m3/a; at present, natural hydrogen exploration and development work has been carried out in Mali, Australia, Brazil, the United States and some countries in Europe. Natural hydrogen is expected to be an important part of hydrogen energy production in the future energy pattern. Based on a thorough literature review, this study introduced the origin, classification, and global discovery of natural hydrogen, summarized the current status of natural hydrogen exploration and development ab-road, and analysed the potential of China to search for natural hydrogen underground, aiming to provide reference for the future natural hydrogen exploration and development in China.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 1-15 [Abstract] ( 218 ) RICH HTML PDF (5656 KB)  ( 411 )
16 Research on exploration methods of concealed convective geothermal resources: A case study of Huating Lake scenic spot
ZHU Yikun, ZHAO Jinghuai, HONG Wen'er, CAI Shenglai, MA Xuejing, ZHANG Yangyang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.02
Exploration of concealed convective geothermal resources has always been a tricky issue in geothermal survey. In order to improve exploration precision of position selection in concealed convective geothermal resources, the authors in this research have taken Huating Lake scenic spot in Taihu County of Anhui Province as an example to determinate key areas, target areas and boring location through remote sensing interpretation, geothermal geological survey, CSAMT and hydrochemical analysis, based on the forming conditions and main features of regional geothermal fields. The groundwater with 22 ℃ and 780.4m3/d outflow(drawdown, S=20.62 m) was discovered, and its hydrochemical characteristics are similar to the geothermal fluid, with the consistent water-bearing structural location between actual aquifer and deduced aquifer by CSAMT. The exploration workflow for concealed convective geothermal resources exploration is summarized and the application effect of the exploration method is analyzed based on above research. The researchers in this paper conclude that water-bearing structure can be effectively identified by the CSAMT, and the effective way to determine geothermal resources is systematical hydrochemical analysis. Besides, it is essential to analyze and identify structure system of geothermal resources during exploration.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 16-22 [Abstract] ( 108 ) RICH HTML PDF (5555 KB)  ( 313 )
23 Metallization regularity and prospecting target area in Panzhihua-Xichang area of Sichuan Province
FAN Guoqiang, QIN Yulong, ZHAN Hanyu, XIONG Changli, CHEN Deyun, HUANG Shifa, PENG Yi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.03
The Panzhihua-Xichang area is important rare earth metallogenetic belt in China, represented by the Maoniuping rare earth ore. The rare earths ores in Panzhihua-Xichang include magmatic-hydrothermal type, pegmatitic type, Quaternary placer type, volcanic type and ion-absorption type. The metallogenic mechanisms, such as geological background, mineralization characteristics and metallogenic conditions of the Maoniuping rare earth ore, were discussed and the ore-controlling/forming factors and ore-forming rules were investigated in this paper. Besides, the metallization model for magmatic-hydrothermal light rare earth ores was perfected, and the inherent genetic relationships and production characteristics of various types of rare earth ores have been identified to scientifically analyze the regional rare earth resources and delineates prospecting target, which could further reduce the prospecting scope.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 23-31 [Abstract] ( 103 ) RICH HTML PDF (3558 KB)  ( 274 )
32 Sedimentary records of basin-mountain evolution during Late Permian to Late Triassic in Heqing-Eryuan area in western Yangtze Block
DONG Liyang, WANG Peng, REN Fei, SUN Jiancheng, NIU Haobin, ZHOU Yexin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.04
Heqing-Eryuan area is located in the western Yangtze Block, and adjacent to Sanjiang juncture zone in the west, which has been undergoing a complete basin-mountain conversion from Late Permian to Late Triassic. Combining with the tectonic events, the researchers in this paper analyzed the stratigraphic lithology and sedimentary environment, and revealed the temporal pattern of basin-mountain conversion and basin sedimentary responses of each stage. The results show the basin evolution of this area can be divided into 3 stages: The intraplate rifting basin stage, the depression basin stage and the foreland basin stage. The huge thick basalt deposition was formed during depression basin stage, and Qingtianbao Formation clastic rocks and Beiya Formation dolomite and limestone was successively formed during rifting basin stage. Besides, the unconformities and hybrid conglomerates were formed in Zhongwo Formation and Songgui Formation during foreland basin stage. This work has scientific significance for the research of basin-mountain conversion in the western Yangtze Block and Sanjiang juncture zone.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 32-40 [Abstract] ( 98 ) RICH HTML PDF (10492 KB)  ( 96 )
41 Geological characteristics and metallogenic potential of Bandaoshan gold-antimony ore area in Ejina Banner of Inner Mongolia
HAO Zhihui, HU Erhong, ZHANG Shanming, WANG Yuefei, ZHANG Kejian, DENG Xiaoning, WANG Jiang, SU Haixia, DING Yusheng, LI Wen
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.05
The Bandaoshan gold-antimony ore area in Ejina Banner of Inner Mongolia is located in the southern belt of Beishan metallogenic belt, with the medium-large gold deposits metallogenic potential from macroscopic scale. The source bed of the gold-antimony deposit in Bandaoshan is identified as metamorphic rock series of the Lower Lithologic Formation of the Gudongjing Group in Changchengian System, using the comprehensive prospecting method of geology, geophysics and geochemistry. The ore bodies are distributed in the alteration zone controlled by the brittle ductile structure, with fully developed quartz veinlets or veins. The gold is further enriched and mineralized by the superimposition of deformation and metamorphism in the later stage, which shows typical characteristics of orogenic type gold ore and great metallogenic potential. The research of metallogenic characteristics in this area would provide guides on the next prospecting direction, and references for the exploration of mine-rals with the same type in the ductile shear zone of the southern Beishan belt.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 41-53 [Abstract] ( 142 ) RICH HTML PDF (7598 KB)  ( 140 )
54 Isotopic chronological characteristics and significance of intermediate-acid magmatic rocks in Yamansu area
LI Jiao, WANG Gao, LIU Xiang, WANG Zhe, FENG Jun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.06
Yamansu area stretched across multiple regional tectonic belts, and there was significant controversies about the formation of each tectonic zone, the form and scale of relative tectonic movement in previous researches. The petrology, geochemistry and zircon U-Pb isotopic chronology of the intermediate-acid magmatic rocks were investigated through collecting intermediate-acid magmatic rock samples from different tectonic belts. The results show that the granite porphyry (TW-1) in the Kushui melange zone was peraluminous and calc-alkaline I-type granite, and the other two tectonic belts are weak peraluminous high potassium calcium-alkaline S-type granite. All samples were relatively enriched in LREE and are relatively even in HREE. The trace element character istics shows the source of all samples was crust and TW-1 was mixed with some mantle materials. The U-Pb isotopic chronology shows that there were two magmatic intrusions in the study area in Early Permian (295.1 Ma and 285.1 Ma). Granites from these three tectonic belts were formed under the collision-related structural environment by structural discrimination diagrams, which reflects the process of collision subduction-uplift-collision subduction-intraplate extension. Combining with the regional geology of the study area, the energy level and influence range of the northward collision and subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean are much larger than the southward collision of the Kangur Ocean.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 54-63 [Abstract] ( 84 ) RICH HTML PDF (5697 KB)  ( 193 )
64 Quaternary palynological records and climatic signifiance of S9 borehole in Sanhe City of Hebei Plain
LV Kexin, SHI Guangyao, ZHANG Huan, ZHANG Jinlong, LI Qingzhe, ZHANG Pengcheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.07
For exploring the evolution characteristics of vegetation and climate in eastern Hebei Plain since Pleistocene period, the authors in this paper studied the palynoflora of the S9 borehole in Dachang Depression. According to sporopollen distribution of S9 borehole, 6 sporopollen assemblages were divided from bottom to up. The assemblage I and II were broad-leaved mixed forests dominant by the coniferous, with assemblage III-Ⅵ were sparsely forested grassland vegetation, the whole area was dominant by savannah-type vegetation environment. Besides, the climate change regularity was restored based on the palynological assemblages. In Early Pleistocene, the climate of the study area was warm and semi-arid, and the climate became cold in the beginning of Middle Pleistocene, with warm and dry trends in general afterwards. In Late Pleistocene, the climate of the study area continued to get warm, with the transition from wet to dry. The evolving pattern of palynoflora in the study area was similar with environment change of other regions in North Central China, and is well consistent with climate change characteristics of East Asia, North Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 64-72 [Abstract] ( 110 ) RICH HTML PDF (5918 KB)  ( 228 )
73 Study on distribution characteristics and conservation zoning of the National Fossil Reserve in Jianchang of Liaoning Province
WU Zijie, SUN Jing, QIU Longwei, GAO Fuliang, ZHONG Mishan, MA Wenpo, GAO Yongzhao, PAN Yuqi, XIA Qiang, ZHENG Wei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.08
Paleontological fossils attest to the earth history, and are significant scientific basis for the life origin and evolution research. The National Fossil Reserve in Jianchang of Liaoning Province has been the world’s most important Yanliao and Jehol Biota fossil site, with abundant fossil species and quantities, which has been the hatspots study area for paleontologists around the world. According to the research achieve ments in recent years, the authors in this paper summarized and introduced the geographical distribution, strata bearing and fossil species of the Mesozoic fossil in Jianchang area. Besides, the fossil reserves were zoned with conservation into 3 protected areas in Jianchang fossil reserve, including 5 core areas, 6 buffer areas and 3 pilot areas. This research would provide scientific reference and basic geological data for research and protection of the National Fossil Reserve in Jianchang area in the future.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 73-81 [Abstract] ( 112 ) RICH HTML PDF (2594 KB)  ( 226 )
82 Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of heavy metals in coastal surface sediments of Fangchenggang in Guangxi
PANG Guotao, YAN Kun, LI Wei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.09
In order to investigate the distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of Fangchenggang inshore, the authors in this paper systematically collected 19 surface sediment samples in the study area to test 7 heavy metal elements. The results show that the average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in surface sediments are accordance with the requirements of marine functional zoning formulated by the government. The evaluation of single factor potential ecological risk index method indicates the potential ecological hazards of various heavy metals are Hg > Cu > Cd > As > Pb > Cr > Zn, which all belongs to low ecological risk except Hg. Low or medium potential risk is displayed by the potential risk index except station F17 and F19, and Hg was the main controlling factor for potential risk. The evaluation of geological accumulation index shows that there was slight pollution of Cu and Hg in the southern Qisha Peninsula, and the contents of these two ele-ments were between the threshold effect content and the possible effect content in some stations, meaning a certain probability of causing toxicity. Pb, Cr and As were mainly affected by terrigenous input sedimentation according to the correlation analysis and principal component analysis. While Cu and Zn were mainly from hull anti-corro-sion coatings and industrial sewage. The sources of Cd and Hg were relatively diversified, including both land-based rivers and electroplating, oil combustion, domestic or industrial sewage and mariculture.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 82-90 [Abstract] ( 104 ) RICH HTML PDF (2511 KB)  ( 129 )
91 Evaluation of groundwater resources quantity in Lingyun County of Guangxi
LUO Wei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.10
In order to study the situation of groundwater resources in Lingyun County of Guangxi, based on the analysis of geological structure, karst development characteristics, water-bearing medium and hydrodynamic conditions, the author evaluated the natural recharge and recoverable resources of groundwater in Lingyun County through precipitation infiltration coefficient method and runoff modulus method in dry season, and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater resources. The results show that the annual average natural recharge of groundwater in the whole region is 112 619.73×104 m3/a, of which the annual average natural recharge of karst groundwater is 69 797.68×104 m3/a, and the annual average natural recharge of bedrock fissure water is 42 822.05×104 m3/a, with 9 840.37×104m3/a of recoverable resource. The karst is well developed in this area, with abundant karst forms. The karst development has certain subdivision in the vertical, of which the elevation span is large, and the overall spatial distribution of groundwater resources is relatively uniform. This research results provide scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources in Lingyun County.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 91-103 [Abstract] ( 121 ) RICH HTML PDF (9591 KB)  ( 154 )
104 Hydrogeochemical characteristics and genesis analysis of geothermal water in Pingyin of Shandong Province
LU Zhaoqun, PENG Mingzhang, DONG Yan, QI Xiequan, ZHU Guangji, MENG Xiangxin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.11
The 3 existing geothermal wells in Pingyin of Shandong Province are rich in physiotherapy mineral elements, with high physiotherapy value. Based on the hydrochemical and isotopic analysis data from previons works, the authors in this paper dissected hydrochemical characteristics, recharge source, formation age and water-rock interaction process of geothermal water, and estimated the temperature of heat storage, the proportion of cold water mixing proportions and the depth of hot water circulation. The results show that the hydrochemical types of geothermal water in the study area are all Cl·CO4-Na·Ca, and the source of water recharge is atmospheric precipitation, with the supply elevation of 274~277 m. The apparent age of 14C in geothermal water samples is 15.81~7.01 ka, indicating the mixed water is dominated by the ancient water. The occurrence of geothermal water was in different concealed base fault zones, but the solute component of geothermal water mainly comes from the dissolution of silicate minerals, meaning the similar hydrogeochemical process. The geothermal reservoir temperature calculated by chalcedony temperature is 46.2~54.4 ℃, while the geothermal reservoir temperature estimated by Si-enthalpy model is about 121~122 ℃, with cold water mixing proportion of about 0.76~0.88. The circulation depth of geothermal water is 1 428~5 139 m.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 104-114 [Abstract] ( 119 ) RICH HTML PDF (5227 KB)  ( 220 )
115 Feasibility assessment and scheme research on emergency water supply of groundwater emergency source in Changde City
LIU Yiming, HE Yang, XIONG Xiong, XU Dingfang, Pang Tie
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.12
Exploring groundwater emergency source and establishing emergency water supply mechanism are important measures to ensure the safety of residents’ water use and maintain social stability when daily water supply obstacles occur in cities. Based on the analysis of the hydrogeological conditions in the planning area of Changde City, the researchers in this paper delineated 5 groundwater emergency sources, and summarized the site selection principles of groundwater emergency sources in the same type. Besides, the feasibility assessment of water sources was conducted from three aspects of water quantity, water quality and production capacity. Two emergency water supply schemes under the minimum standard of 20 L/d and the general standard of 50 L/d per capita water consumption are considered, combining with the existing urban water supply network and groundwater exploitation well reservation. The emergency water supply demand could be satisfied by the existing water supply capacity of reserved wells under emergency water supply standards of 20 L/d per capita. While, the existing water supply capacity is insufficient in reserved wells of Hefu water source and Ludishan water source under emergency water supply standards of 50 L/d per capita. Therefore, the proposal of increasing production wells is put forward to adapt the emergency water supply demand.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 115-124 [Abstract] ( 126 ) RICH HTML PDF (6602 KB)  ( 184 )
125 Macrolithotype prediction and 3D geological modeling based on logging parameters
GUO Guangshan, LI Hao, TIAN Yongjing, DU Kai
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.01.13
In order to quantitatively distinguish the distribution characteristics of marcolithotypes, the authors in this research utilized the differences of logging response characteristics of different marcolithotypes to establish the marcolithotypes index HMLZ, according to the coal and rock description results of CBM parameter wells. The quantitative identification and verification of marcolithotypes of 30 wells in SZB block are completed through the discrimination index, and the 3D visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics of macrolithotypes are rea-lized using the stochastic modeling method. The results show that the HMLZ > 20.0 is bright coal, and the 10.0<HMLZ < 20.0 is semi bright coal. Besides, 5.5 <HMLZ < 10.0 is semi dark coal and the HMLZ < 5.5 is dull coal. The macrolithotypes of coal seam 3 in the study area are mainly bright coal and semi bright coal, followed by semi dark coal, and the dull coal is not developed. The average thickness of bright coal accounts for 36%, and the average thickness of semi bright coal accounts for 46%, which is mainly distributed in the middle and upper sections of coal seams in the north and south of the block. Semi dark coal is mainly distributed in the middle and lower section of the middle coal seam of the block, accounting for an average of 15%. The dull coal is sporadically developed at the bottom of the coal seam in the southwest corner of the block, with a thin thickness, accounting for 3% of the whole seam. Overall, the model can be used to quantitatively evaluate the distribution law of lithotype and provide strong support for CBM development.
2022 Vol. 9 (1): 125-130 [Abstract] ( 106 ) RICH HTML PDF (3724 KB)  ( 124 )
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