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2022 Vol. 9, No. 5
Published: 2022-10-20
 
1 Progresses and main achievements on strategic emerging minerals survey project
WANG Chenghui, WANG Denghong, LIU Shanbao, ZHANG Yongsheng, WANG Chunlian, WANG Jiuyi, ZHOU Xiong, DAI Hongzhang, YU Yang, SUN Yan, XING Enyuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.01
With the economic development and industrial upgrading in China, minerals such as potash, rare resources, rare earth resources, scattered metals, fluorite, pyrophyllite, gangue quartz, crystalline graphite, and boron are playing an increasingly critical role in the development of the seven kinds of strategic emerging industries, including the new generation of information technology, new energy vehicles and high-end equipment manufacturing. Besides, the demand of these mineral resources is also gradually increasing. The “Strategic Emerging Mineral Survey Project” (2019-2021) aims to achieve the identification of resource potential of important minerals, breakthroughs of prospecting and formation of the large-scale resource bases. Based on the mineral survey, the researchers in this project have carried out innovative research on the metallogenic laws and prospecting methods of lithium, potash, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, fluorite, vein quartz, and other minerals in large resource bases and important ore concentration areas in key areas of China. Besides, the comprehensive utilization of these mineral resources were also carried out and a number of major prospecting results were achieved, which enriching the metallogenic theory and innovating the prospecting methods. The new progress of the project is briefly introduced in the prospecting of lithium and potash in Northeastern Sichuan, the investigation of rare resources and rare earth resources in Western Sichuan, the investigation of rare resources in Altyn of Xinjiang, the survey of fluorite boron resources in southern Jiangxi and Pucheng area of Fujian, and the exploration of gangue quartz pyrophyllite special non-metallic mineral in Eastern China. The achievements were also introduced, including metallogenic regularity research, exploration technology and method, green investigation and comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources, fluorite, vein quartz and other key minerals in the main metallogenic belts such as Northeastern Sichuan, Western Sichuan and Altyn. It is of great significance to further improve the resource guarantee and research degree of strategic minerals such as potash, lithium ore, fluorite and vein quartz in China, and to promote the development of emerging industries and the follow-up investigation and evaluation of strategic minerals in China.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 1-14 [Abstract] ( 153 ) RICH HTML PDF (9318 KB)  ( 216 )
15 Analysis of monitoring ground subsidence in Dangshan County of Anhui Province based on SBAS-InSAR technology
NIU Di, WU Qian, ZHU Chenglin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.02
The landforms in North Anhui are dominated by plains, and the land subsidence is the main geological disaster. Based on the Small Baseline Subsets (Small Baseline Subsets-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, SBAS-InSAR) method, the surface deformation in Dangshan County was monitored through the 47 scenes Sentinel-1A ascending SLC (Single Look Complex) imageries acquired from May 2017 to December 2021. The distribution maps of ground subsidence and the cumulative surface displacement map of the Dangshan area during monitoring period were obtained, and the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of subsidence in this area were analyzed. The results revealed that the ground subsidence are significant in Gaoxin District and Economic Development District, revolving around the Dangcheng Town. Moderate subsidence occurred along the east-west direction of Xuanmiao Town in north of the old Yellow River, and distribution of subsidence is closely related to the overexploitation of groundwater and the geotechnical properties. Regular monitoring of the distribution and magnitude of land subsidence can mitigate the exposure of a growing urbanized population to such hazards.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 15-23 [Abstract] ( 113 ) RICH HTML PDF (6863 KB)  ( 47 )
24 Technical requirements and practice of debris flow monitoring in the mountainous areas of Beijing
LIAO Haijun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.03
Debris flow is one of the main sudden geological hazards in the mountainous areas of Beijing. The development scale of debris flow is mostly small and medium-sized, but it is really dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out professional monitoring. Scientific selection of monitoring objects, reasonable selection of monitoring methods, types of monitoring equipment and reliable installation position, and clear monitoring technical requirements are the keys for debris flow monitoring and early warning. Based on the work practice of Phase I and Phase II of Beijing sudden geological hazards monitoring and early warning system, the authors in this paper summarized the contents of debris flow monitoring object selection, monitoring methods and equipment, methods and technical requirements for determining monitoring points, through the analysis of characteristics of debris flow in the mountainous areas of Beijing. Besides, the rationality of the above principles, methods and techniques is verified by taking the professional monitoring practice of Yinziyu debris flow in Xiaolianghougou as an example. The Relevant work can provide ideas and reference for early point selection of debris flow monitoring and warning.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 24-30 [Abstract] ( 68 ) RICH HTML PDF (2981 KB)  ( 110 )
31 Application of domestic high-resolution satellites in the whole process of emergency disposal on forest fire:A case study of “4·08” forest fire in Sanyanlong Town of Jiulong County, Sichuan Province
TANG Yao, WANG Lijuan, HU Guangzhong, ZHAO Juan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.04
High mountains and valleys are well developed in Western Sichuan, with high mountains, dense forests and poor topographic geological environment. The forest and grass resources are relatively rich and forest fires are prone and frequent, which result in difficult disaster emergency disposal and heavy prevention and control tasks. The domestic high-resolution satellite images have the advantages of high temporal and spatial resolution, various load types, strong mobility, wide range and rapid imaging, which have obvious advantages in forest fire prevention, disaster emergency disposal, disaster prevention and reduction in Western Sichuan. The “4·08” forest fire in Sanyanlong Town of Jiulong county in Sichuan Province in 2021 was taken as an example, and the domestic high-resolution satellite data were used to carry out emergency response in the initial, middle and late stage of forest fire respectively in this paper, which included the quick interpretation of the forest fire rescue elements (ini-tial stage), perception of abnormal situation of bright temperature (medium stage), tracking and monitoring the dynamics of the burned area (medium stage), providing emergency rescue deployment suggestions (medium stage), interpretation of disaster loss (late stage), and evaluation of susceptibility of post fire debris flow (after fire stage). The results show that domestic high-resolution satellites have important practical guiding significance for the whole process of forest fire emergency disposal.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 31-39 [Abstract] ( 88 ) RICH HTML PDF (6761 KB)  ( 319 )
40 Study on hydraulic mechanism of loose accumulation in post-earthquake slope
YANG Tao, LI Mingli, SUN Dong, CHANG Ming, YANG Zongji
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.05
In order to analyze the mechanical principle and hydraulic mechanism of channel debris flow under strong rainfall after earthquake, the authors take debris flow gully in Yindongzi of Longchi Town in Dujiangyan as a case study to establish the hydraulic models of underground water level change in loose accumulations. The characteristics and laws of ground water level change of loose accumulation in post-earthquake debris flow slope are analyzed according to the percolation theory in hydraulics, and the effects of hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure on slope body are quantitatively studied. Through the combination of theoretical analysis, example verification and physical simulation test, a deep understanding of mechanical mechanism, critical condition and mode of start-up of loose source on slope was achieved. The results show that: ①Under the excitation of heavy rainfall, the hydraulic condition deteriorates continuously with the increasing diving level in the slope, which eventually leads to the stability failure of the loose accumulation body on the slope. ②The phreatic level generated by the accumulation body is a comprehensive function of slope area S, steady-state rainfall intensity I, slope geometric parameters (θ、W、H、Z) water conductivity coefficient T and other parameters. Tthe larger and I are, the higher the height of phreatic level H will be; Conversely, under the premise that the rainfall collecting area and steady-state rainfall intensity are determined, the larger T, W and θ are, the lower the phreatic level generated in the slope body will be. ③With the increasing hydrostatic pressure P in slope body, the sliding resistance of accumulation body base will be decreased; As the hydrodynamic pressure Gd inside the slope increase, the sliding force of the slope will increase. ④According to the existence form of residual sliding force, the starting mode of the loose accumulation body on the slope after earthquake can be divided into two types: the sliding mode of the whole slope starting and the traction mode of the disintegration in segments starting. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the advance warning of gully debris flow.In For the study of earthquake under the condition of strong rainfall channel debris flow mechanics and hydraulics mechanism, combining with the town of Dujiangyan order of the silver named debris flow gully is analyzed, the construction of slope are underground water level change under the premise of hydraulic model, with the aid of seepage theory of hydraulics, area after the earthquake were analyzed by slope loose accumulation is the characteristics and regularities of the variation of the groundwater level in the body, The effects of hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure on slope body are quantitatively studied. Through the combination of theoretical analysis, example verification and physical simulation test,
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 40-50 [Abstract] ( 69 ) RICH HTML PDF (4319 KB)  ( 86 )
51 Susceptibility evaluation of landslide hazards of Shaxi river basin based on GIS and AHP
WANG Cunzhi, ZHANG Wei, LI Chendong, WU Jiayu, ZHAN Long, CHEN Guoguang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.06
Landslide is one of the main types of geological disasters in Shaxi river basin, and the assessment of landslide hazard susceptibility can provide data basis and decision-making basis for regional geological disaster prevention. Based on the ecological geological survey in Shaxi river basin, the authors in this paper analyzes the relationship between the distribution law of landslide hazards and the influencing factors. Seven indicators, including lithological construction, landform, slope, aspect, rainfall, distance from the river and distance from the fault, have been selected, and analytic hierarchy process and spatial analysis technology of geographic information system are used to evaluate the vulnerability of landslide geological hazards in Shaxi river basin. The results show that the influencing factors of landslide susceptibility in Shaxi river basin are lithological formation, annual average precipitation, landform, slope, distance from river, distance from fault and slope aspect. The landslide hazard susceptibility in Shaxi river basin is positively correlated with the slope, lithological formation and annual average precipitation. The larger slope, the weaker the lithological formation, the easily weathered and the annual average precipitation is more likely to cause landslide hazards. The landslide hazard susceptibility is negatively correlated with fault structure, river distance and landslide hazard susceptibility, and the closer distance will easily induce the geological hazards. Shaxi river basin is mainly composed of low prone areas and extremely low prone areas, while the high prone areas are mainly distributed in the central south, east and northeast of Shaxi river basin. The research results proviole basic data and decision basis for geological disaster prevention and antrol in the shaxi river basin.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 51-60 [Abstract] ( 102 ) RICH HTML PDF (5310 KB)  ( 159 )
61 Characteristics and development prospects of basalt in Ebian County,Sichuan Province
ZHANG Hangfei, HAN Xiaoying, ZHONG Qiangsheng, ZHU Helin, LIANG Cheng, GUO Wenyan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.07
Ebian county is rich in basalt mineral resources, but there is no mine to exploit and utilize fiber basalt. The evaluation of fiber basalt is carried out from three aspects: ore texture, chemical composition and evaluation parameters of basalt wire drawing performance. The results show that the dense massive basalts and almond-basalts mostly belong to the transitional rocks between tholeiitic series and alkaline series, while the vitrobasalt are all alkaline series in the study area. The chemical composition of tholeiitic series ores is characterized by high SiO2 content, low alkali metal oxides (K2O+Na2O) and TiO2 content, and high FeO/MgO ratio. The dense massive basalt is suitable for continuous basalt fiber production in the area. Due to the secondary minerals such as quartz and calcite contained in the almond of almond-basalt and high volcanic glass composition, almond structure and high acidity coefficient in vitrobasalt, they are all unfavorable to be used as raw material to produce basalt fiber. The basalt mineral resources are huge in the study area, with the potential for the fiber-applied basalts resource reserves, and it is recommended to utilizing the basalt mineral resources by comprehensive development.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 61-68 [Abstract] ( 137 ) RICH HTML PDF (4237 KB)  ( 177 )
69 Petroleum geology and exploration prospect in Salina Sub-basin of Sureste Basin in Mexico
HU Bin, QIU Chunguang, JIA Shen, RAO Su
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.08
Sureste basin in Mexico is a world-class rich oil and gas basin, and the deep-water area of Salina Sub-basin is in low- degree exploration with less research. Based on the latest seismic geological comprehensive interpretation achievements and combining with regional tectonic evolution and sedimentary filling characteristics, the authors in this paper have discussed the petroleum geology and exploration direction in this area. The results show that the structure evolution of Salina Sub-basin is complicated, and the activities in halite is intense, which controls the hydrocarbon accumulation elements of source, sedimentary, structure, migration and preservation. The source rock is Tithonian marine shale, which is widely developed in the basin and has characteristic of micro-basin controlled hydrocarbon in the salt development zones. The main exploration target is Tertiary clastics, and the relationship between deposition and salt structure is complex. The Miocene sandstone is developed with good porosity and permeability properties. And the sub-basin can be divided into five tectonic units, and the main types of trap are salt-related anticline and semi-anticline. The salt-thrust-belt and the salt-canopy-belt are favorable exploration area with good hydrocarbon accumulation conditions.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 69-78 [Abstract] ( 125 ) RICH HTML PDF (9858 KB)  ( 33 )
79 The discussion of primary diamonds exploration in Northern Jiangsu Province
ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Qizhong, WANG Bo, WANG Guoqiang, FENG Xuezhi, LUO Yue
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.09
The second round of diamond prospecting in Northern Jiangsu Province has lasted 8 years, without discovery of ore-bearing kimberlite or diamond deposits. Based on the actual prospecting in Northern Jiangsu and combined with the latest diamond ore-forming theory and advance, the authors in this paper put forward and discuss several issues restricting the prospecting of primary diamonds in Northern Jiangsu to further explore the prospecting direction. The results show the primary target of primary diamond prospecting in Northern Jiangsu Province is Paleozoic kimberlite, which is located in Western Tanlu fault zone. The kimberlite of this period may be covered under the nappe due to the existence of the Xusu arc structure. Although there is no genetic relationship between Tanlu fault zone and Paleozoic kimberlite rock, the rifted red basin controlled by its development in the extension stage may cause the Paleozoic kimberlite to be covered under the Cretaceous. The future prospecting direction should focus on the Chenggang uplift in the Tan-Lu fault zone, and the breccia-bearing basic rocks on the west side of the Tanlu fault zone are also worthy of attention. During the ore prospecting and exploration, the geological and topographical conditions of the work area, the adaptability and limitations should be fully considered to select the combination of exploration methods according to local conditions.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 79-88 [Abstract] ( 80 ) RICH HTML PDF (4231 KB)  ( 195 )
89 Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary tectonic environment of Linxi Formation in Suolun area of central Greater Khingan Mountains
ZHONG Mishan, LV Donglin, WANG Qi, ZHANG Huanan, AO Guang, WU Zijie, YANG Yunlai, WANG Yilong, TAN Chao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.10
The Linxi Formation in central Greater Khingan Mountains is an important hydrocarbon source rocks strata. The formation of hydrocarbon source rocks is closely related to the paleoclimate, palaeostructure and palaeo-environment during the propagation and burial of hydrocarbon generation parent organisms. The climatic tectonic environment of Linxi Formation in sedimentary period can be restored through the geochemical analysis of rock data. Based on the Sr, Li and Ga content, the Sr/Ba ratio, the U/Th ratio and δU method, the Sr/Cu ratio, the authors in this paper have analyzed the sedimentary environment of Linxi Formation from the ancient salinity, re-dox environment, and the ancient climate. The results show that the Linxi Formation might be formed by resedimentation after middle-strong weathering. The oxidative deposition environment is freshwater-brackish water, and the paleoclimate is warm humid climate. The Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) and K2O/Na2O- SiO2 ratios, the content and parameters of rare earth elements were used to indicate the sedimentary environment of Linxi Formation. The results show that the Linxi Formation was formed in the active continental margin tectonic environment near the continental island arc, and the paleoenvironment evolved from the sea-land excessive brackish water to the continental freshwater environment in the early retroarc basin. The Linxi Formation is favorable for enrichment and preservation of organic matter, which is the beneficial horizon for hydrocarbon source rocks.This study can provide guidance for the esploration of hydrocarbon source roaks in this area.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 89-96 [Abstract] ( 107 ) RICH HTML PDF (5843 KB)  ( 94 )
97 Classification of Shijiagou Formation in Quaternary in Shandong Province
MENG Yonghui, YU Deqin, WANG Qingbing, WANG Zhentao, YANG Xiaojuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.11
The chronological age of Shijiagou Formation is always controversial. On the basis of systematical summary of the stratigraphic division of Shijiagou Formation in Shandong Province, the authors in this paper have systematically sampled 11 profile outcrops of Shijiagou Formation in Penglai, Changdao and Wudi, and obtained 14 K-Ar ages and 2 ESR ages. Through the comparative analysis with previous dating data, it is found that Quaternary Pleistocene basalt is only exposed in Jieshi Mountain (0.87 Ma) in Wudi and Yingkou Mountain (1.51 Ma) in Beigou Town, Penglai City in Shandong, while other test ages are Neogene (9.24~5.02 Ma). The basalt strata in Penglai and Changdao areas mostly belong to the Yaoshan Formation in the Late Miocene (except for Yingkou Mountain in Beigou Town of Penglai City), while only a few belong to the Quaternary Shijiagou Formation. It is suggested that the basalt in Wudi Mountain and Yingkou Mountain of Beilinyuan in Penglai should be classified as Quaternary, and the Quaternary Shijiagou Formation exposed in other areas should be classified as Neogene.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 97-103 [Abstract] ( 136 ) RICH HTML PDF (3254 KB)  ( 198 )
104 Distribution and evaluation of heavy metals in sediments of Zhenzhu Bay mangrove wetland in Guangxi
ZHANG Xiaolei, YANG Yuanzhen, YAN Kun, PANG Guotao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.12
Heavy metals in sediments belongs to persistent pollutants, with characteristics of enrichment, recalcitrance and toxicity, which would pose a threat to the ecological environment and human safety after long-term accumulation. In order to study the distribution characteristics and quality status of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Zhenzhu Bay mangrove wetland, the authors collected 13 surface sediment samples in the mangrove distribution area of Zhenzhu Bay on September in 2021 to analyze the heavy metal content. The results shows that the content of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Zhenzhu Bay mangrove wetland is relatively low compared with other mangrove wetlands in China. Only some stations showed weak Cd and Hg pollution and most stations wasn’t plolluted by heavy metals, with two showed weak Cd and Hg pollution according to the geo-accumulation index. and all stations in the bay are at low ecological risk based on potential risk index method. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis show that Cd was mainly affected by the input of Jiangping River and mariculture in the southeast of Zhenzhu Bay, and other elements were mainly affected by the weathering and normal deposition of natural background rocks. The contribution rates of Jiangping River input and Zhenzhu Bay mariculture were 57% and 43% respectively through PCA-MLR model analysis on the heavy metal source. The results show that the overall ecological condition of the Zhenzhu Bay Mangrove Wetland is good, however, it is still necessary to pay attention to the input of Cd.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 104-110 [Abstract] ( 98 ) RICH HTML PDF (2299 KB)  ( 157 )
111 Application and research progress of Laser Raman spectroscopy in geology and mineral resources
HE Jiale, PAN Zhongxi, DU Gu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.05.13
Laser Raman spectroscopy is a qualitative analysis method, with the characteristics of high precision, convenience and non-destructive. And it has made progress in the field of geology and mineral resources with the continuous improvement of technology in recent years, which was mainly reflected in fluid inclusion analysis, sedimentary organic matter research and mineral component identification. In fluid inclusion analysis, the traditional qualitative analysis, such as gaussian - lorentz to volume integral peak, the parameters of the frequency shift method and CO2 Raman spectra method were set as basis, and the good linear relationships between Raman characteristic parameters of peak area and half peak and concentration, pressure, isotope were used together to analyze the pressure, salinity and isotopic. The metamorphic grade, maturity and thermal evolution degree of rock organic matter can be directly analyzed by the carbonaceous Raman thermometers in the study of sedimentary organic matter. The point-to-point and point-to-surface methods can be used conveniently and quickly to identify similar minerals and micro-minerals during identification of similar and microscopical mineral components. The latest development of laser Raman spectrum in the above aspects are reviewed and the existing achievements and the problems in the application are summarized in combination with related literature in this paper. The authors conclude that the lack of the traditional methods were offset by these new methods, and the influence of fluorescence interference and different experimental conditions on experimental convenience, reproducibility and accuracy should also be paid attention. Besides, the future development is put forward, and it is suggested that the combination of Laser Raman spectroscopy and other instruments should be used in conjunction to improve the testing efficiency, which could further expand the application scope of Raman spectroscopy in the utilization and comprehensive research of mineral resources, and provide a more efficient technical means for geological work.
2022 Vol. 9 (5): 111-119 [Abstract] ( 109 ) RICH HTML PDF (1557 KB)  ( 434 )
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