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2024 Vol. 11, No. 2
Published: 2024-04-20
 
1 Discovery and geological significance of new mineral tantalaeschynite-(Ce)
ZHU Zeying, WANG Denghong, YU Hong, CHEN Zhenyu, LI Yike, LI Jiankang, REN Jianguo
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.01
Rare earth elements and rare metals are widely used in the emerging industries and national defense science and technology areas. And they are also regarded as the important key metals for the country and their prospecting is imminent. Recently, new mineral tantalaechynite-(Ce) has been discovered in Huangshan granite pegmatite around Lingshan complex massif in Shangrao of Jiangxi Province, and it has been approved by International Mineralogical Association (IMA), which not only enriches the aeschynite group minerals, but also provides a new direction for rare metal prospecting. Tantalaeschynite-(Ce) occurs in Huangshan tantalumrich pegmatite in the form of acicular or bundle aggregates, and intergrows with feldspar, quartz, fluorites. The composition is extremely enriched in tantalum, titanium and cerium, and the ideal formula is Ce(TiTa)O6. The structure belongs to the orthorhombic system, and it is composed of cerium oxygen polyhedron and titanium/tantalum oxygen coctahedron. The tantalaeschynite-(Ce) is formed in highly evolved granite pegmatite, indicating that the ore-forming environment is extremely rich in tantalum. Compared with the surrounding columbites, the sudden increase of tantalum content in tantalaeschynite-(Ce) cannot be simply explained by magmatic crystallization differentiation. The existence of boundary layer in pegmatite was put forward in the pegmatite zone-refining model, and this layer is enriched in sodium, fluorine, chlorine and other volatile components (also called fluxes). The boundary layer crystallization results in abrupt change of mineral composition, and incompatible elements are enrich in large quantities, after the exhaustion of melt component, and a large number of incompatible components are continuously accumulated and abundant. The boundary layer of highly differentiated granite pegmatite is characterized by the enrichment of volatile minerals such as albitite and fluorite, which is a vital indication for rare metal prospecting. Lingshan complex massif in Shangrao of Jiangxi Province has good potential of rare metal resources and this reasearch is of great significance for regional rare metal prospecting.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 53 ) RICH HTML PDF (6384 KB)  ( 327 )
11 Rapid achievement of new breakthroughs in ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in eastern Tarim Basin
LI Qingyao, YIN Chengming, GAO Yongjin, XU Darong, CAO Chongchong, BAI Zhongkai, LIU Yalei, CHENG Minghua
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.02
Eastern Tarim Basin is rich in oil and gas resources and is a key region for reserve growth and production addition of land oil and gas resources in China. Under the institutional reform of national oil and gas exploration and exploitation and new round of mineral exploration breakthroughs strategic actions, the close integration of central and local grovernment and enterprises has promoted a new model of oil and gas exploration and development, bringing significant economic and social benefits. The formulating exploration deployment plan for Yuli west 1 block was innovated and optimized, achieving a “zero” error in the design of geological horizons deeper than 8,000 meters and actual drilling comparisons, and making major discoveries of ultra-deep oil and gas in Well XY1, XY2, XY3. A series of technological innovations have been made, which improved the accuracy of ultra-deep geological body identification. And an integrated technical system of geological engineering formed. The development area of fractured-cavity reservoirs was clarified, and a 200 million ton-scale ultra-deep oil and gas accumulation area was discovered. This new mechanism and new model opened up a new area for reserve growth and production addition of oil and gas in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, which laid the foundation for the oil and gas resource succession base construction in eastem Tarim Basin and promoted the goals achievement of the new round of mineral exploration breakthroughs strategic actions.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 11-16 [Abstract] ( 97 ) RICH HTML PDF (4640 KB)  ( 341 )
17 Geological characteristics and exploration direction of oil and gas in the passive continental margin basins in the northern part of West Africa
TIAN Naxin, WANG Dapeng, ZHENG Qiugen, YANG Guangqing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.03
The basins in the northern part of West Africa were lowly explored, but with huge resource potential. Based on the plate tectonics theory and comprehensive study of seismic and geology methods, the researchers analyzed the prototype basins of the main geological periods and compared the structural characteristics of the basins and their differences in sedimentary filling. The discovered oil and gas reservoirs were dissected to establish the mode of hydrocarbon accumulation and point out future exploration direction. The passive continental margin basin group in the northern part of West Africa has undergone three evolutionary stages, that is Precambrian-Permian pre-rift, Triassic-Early Jurassic rift, and passive continental margin basin from Middle Jurassic to the present, and has formed three subclasses of passive continental margin basins, that is fault basins, fault depression basins, and depression basins. The fault basins formed a “single source-tectonic” accumulation model, and the exploration target is mainly structural reservoir combinations of rift strata. The fault depression basins could form “dual source-dual combination” accumulation model. Structural traps of rift strata are mainly on the gentle slope belt of the continental shelf, and reefs and inner karsts are on the edge of the platform. The exploration target in the upper part of the steep slope zone is slope fans formed by large scale slipping-sliding, and the lower part should focus on sandstone structural-lithologic traps of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Cretaceous formed by fans in mature source rock strata. The depression basins are dominated by source rocks of the depression strata, and the main exploration areas are turbidite sandstones in the lower part of steep slope and delta sandstones in the gentle slope of platform. Meanwhile, the reef-beach bodies on the platform margin, the weathering crust karsts of carbonate rock and the karsts in fault zone are also important exploration direction. The research results could provide references for deep-water petroleum exploration selected areas in passive continental margin with lowly exploration degree and poorly data obtaining.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 17-27 [Abstract] ( 56 ) RICH HTML PDF (9052 KB)  ( 109 )
28 Characteristics of geothermal field and terrestrial heat flow in the northern Pingyin County of Shandong Province
LU Zhaoqun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.04
In recent years, geothermal resources were explored in the structural fissures of metamorphic rocks of Taishan Group in the northern Pingyin County of Shandong Province. It is of great significance to analyze and study the characteristics of geothermal field, terrestrial heat flow and radiogenic heat production rate of rocks, for predicting and evaluating the formation potential of geothermal resources. Based on the borehole temperature data and the test data of water and rock samples, the authors systematically analyzed the characteristics of the geothermal field in the study area, and calculated the terrestrial heat flow and the radiogenic heat production rate of the metamorphic rocks of Taishan Group. Besides, the silica heat flow in the study area was calculated based on to the SiO2 content in the groundwater. The research show that average geothermal gradient of the overlying strata in the study area was 2.07 ℃/100 m, and the average geothermal gradient of the metamorphic rocks of Taishan Group was 2.18 ℃/100 m, with the lateral distribution of low in the west and high in the east, and the vertical distribution of increasing with depth. The geothermal heat flow value of the metamorphic rocks of Taishan Group in the study area is lower than the average geothermal heat flow in China mainland, indicating a low heat flow background. The silicon heat flow value in the study area is slightly higher than the measured borehole data. The radiogenic heat production rate of Taishan Group is low, and Taishan Group belongs to low heat-producing rock mass. Comprehensive analysis shows that the geothermal field distribution is mainly affected by regional geological structures and stratigraphic structures. The geothermal distribution is generally within the normal range, but it has a relatively low heat flow background in the study area. The heat source is mainly conductive heat generation, followed by rock radioactive heat generation. The research results could provide some basic data and scientific basis for future research on geothermal geological conditions in the study area and subsequent exploration and development work.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 52 ) RICH HTML PDF (2898 KB)  ( 149 )
37 Application of high precision magnetic survey in the exploration of Kuquanshan iron mining area in Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia
LI Huaiyuan, YUAN Jie, WU Wenxian, HU Junfeng, JIANG Shoujin, CHEN Qianglin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.05
In order to efficiently search for deep hidden magnetite bodies in Kuquanshan area of Ejinagi Banner in Inner Mongolia, and evaluate the resource potential of iron polymetallic ores in this area, the authors carried out 1∶10,000 ground high-precision magnetic survey on the basis of the pre-survey. Five fractures were identified, and 2 magnetic anomalies (C1 and C2) were circled. And 2 magnetite bodies were exposed at C2 magnetic anomaly after the validation of the trench exploratory project, indicating good results in prospecting. The survey results show that the range of iron ore bodies can be better predicted by ΔT magnetic anomaly polarization operation, and the regional tectonic framework can be effectively identified by ΔT horizontal derivative operation. The contact zone+fracture+high magnetic anomaly area was preliminary established as favorable target area for iron ore mineralization in the region. The magnetite bodies after tectonic modification would result in strong negative magnetic anomalies on the surface, and this abnormal magnetization phenomenon should be paid attention to during magnetite exploration. This study could provide some experience for the exploration of skarn-type iron ore in Beishan area.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 37-42 [Abstract] ( 54 ) RICH HTML PDF (4430 KB)  ( 91 )
43 Application of integrated geophysical methods in gold deposit prediction: A case study of Zhengjia gold deposit in Jiaodong area
SONG Liwei, WANG Huijun, WANG Tieqiang, LI Wenyu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.06
Jiaodong area of Shandong Province is rich in gold resources and has great ore-forming potential. However, the geological outcrop condition is poor in the southward extension area of Jiaojia fault, which is the main ore-controlling structure, and the deep fault extension is unknown, seriously restricting the progress of ore prospecting. A joint exploration and application study was carried out using high-precision magnetic prospecting, longitudinal intermediate gradient IP profiling and IP sounding in Zhengjia area of Laizhou City in Shandong Province. A three-dimensional geophysical model was established, and a comprehensive interpretation of anomaly areas and metallogenic prediction were carried out, combined with borehole and geological data. The deep electrical structure of the southern section of Jiaojia fault was preliminarily determined to be NE trend, with a slight dip to the east, and the favorable locations for mineralization were middle-shallow tectonic fracture zone and the change site of the fault occurrence. Because gold minerals mainly occur in pyrite, chalcopyrite and quartz, the geophysical prospecting direction should be a tectonic fracture zone with high apparent polarizability anomaly. The feasibility of integrated geophysical prospecting in gold deposit prediction was verified in this paper, and it also could provide some references for the selection of prospecting means under similar geological conditions.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 43-50 [Abstract] ( 70 ) RICH HTML PDF (3557 KB)  ( 217 )
51 Exploration of classification standards and map compilation methods for ground substrate: A case study of Yalu River Basin in Inner Mongolia
CHEN Peng, HOU Hongxing, MA Junchi, SUN Hao, JING Yuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.07
The ground substrate concept was proposed based on earth system science theories, with the purpose of serving and supporting the integrated management of natural resources. The essential properties of ground substrate were deeply analyzed from three aspects, that is material properties, spatial characteristics and ecological function, based on the concept of ground substrate, and its connotation characteristics were elaborated. The main issues in the current classification scheme were listed on the basis of researching the hot spots in the field and combined with practical experience. Based on the analysis of related issues and the principle of “scientific, prioritization, uniformity and popularity”, the authors formulated new three-level classification scheme. The new classification includes 5 first-level, 19 second-level and several third-level categories. Yalu River Basin in the eastern Inner Mongolia was selected as the study area based on this new scheme and new mapping approach was proposed as construction of vertical configuration at a constant depth in ground substrate layer. And the ground substrate map was compiled by fieldwork measurement and laboratory data. This study could effectively promote the close integration of ground substrate survey and application services, and also has significant reference value for technical methodology establishment.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 51-61 [Abstract] ( 67 ) RICH HTML PDF (7170 KB)  ( 148 )
62 Spatial variability characteristics of the soil bulk density in the dry hot valley of Sichuan-Yunnan region: Taking Chuxiong area in Central Yunnan as an example
CHEN Weizhi, ZHANG Ya, LI Jingting, BA Yong, PAN Jiarong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.08
Soil bulk density is one of the most important properties of soil, and it is an important parameter for vegetation restoration, ecological restoration and estimation of soil organic carbon storage. The typical dry hot valley climate and non-dry hot valley climate formed for the special geographical location and the unique combination of topography and geomorphology in the northern Chuxiong area of Central Yunnan, providing an excellent natural condition for influencing factors investigation of soil bulk density. The soil bulk density characteristics and spatial distribution were investigated by systematical field measurement and bulk-density transfer function using geostatistics methods. The result show that the soil bulk density in the dry hot valley was high, and the orchard had the greatest influence on the soil bulk density. And the dry laterite had the highest bulk density and contribution of organic carbon in the bulk-density transfer function was the largest. This research could provide some basic data and theoretical support for the ecological protection and restoration, and the estimation of soil carbon storage in the dry hot valley.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 62-71 [Abstract] ( 60 ) RICH HTML PDF (3724 KB)  ( 47 )
72 Value evaluation of karst cave resources in Jiande City of the northwestern Zhejiang Province
PAN Shaojun, ZHANG Jianfang, CHEN Xiaoyou
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.09
Quantitative evaluation of karst caves, as a geological relic resource, is helpful to its protection and utilization. Based on the investigation and research of karst cave resources in Jiande City, the authors in this paper analyzed the geological background of karst cave, and statistically classified the characteristics of karst caves in this area. The value evaluation system was constructed by Analytic Hierarchy Process. A comprehensive evaluation of karst caves in Jiande City was conducted through quantitative analysis of the actual situation of karst tourism, and each karst cave was quantified based on the evaluation index elements. The development value of karst caves was briefly analyzed based on developed karst caves in Zhejiang Province. Hei Cave was recommended as a priority development alternative, and Shenxian Cave, Jinzhou Xiangu Cave, Jiuxian Cave, Matou Mountain Cave, Qianshan Cave, Daijia Xiangu Cave and so on, were selected as the secondary development alternatives. Besides, Hei Cave was selected as the typical karst cave for in-depth introduction from the aspects of morphology, karst landscape, and others. The evaluation and analysis results could provide some basic data for the planning, development and utilization of karst caves, and provide some new alternative sites for the economic development of the tourism industry in Jiande City. Different protection levels of karst caves were divided based on the characteristics and evaluation results of karst cave resources, which could provide some support for local classification and protection of karst caves.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 72-80 [Abstract] ( 84 ) RICH HTML PDF (5242 KB)  ( 157 )
81 Change of underground fresh and underground salt water caused by groundwater over-extraction in the eastern Hebei Plain: A case study of the eastern Langfang City and the eastern Cangzhou City
WANG Zhenhua, GUO Rui, LI Yanbin, LI Zhenxiong, GUO Xinxin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.10
A series of geological environment problems have been caused by groundwater over-extraction in eastern Hebei Plain since 1975. Based on high-density groundwater level measurement data and groundwater extraction data of the eastern Hebei Plain (the eastern Langfang City and the eastern Cangzhou City) in 2017, the authors in this paper analyzed the groundwater exploitation. The underground fresh water in the eastern Hebei Plain was seriously over extracted in recent years by groundwater level analysis of deep and shallow aquifers, exploitation and resource potential. The top and bottom of curtent salt-water system was bounded through comprehensive comparison between deep water sample analysis data and historical background data of water quality, and based on high density electrical prospecting interpretation. Besides, it is concluded that the distribution of salt and fresh water has changed greatly caused by groundwater over-extraction, through comparison with the 1970 s’ boundary between salt water and fresh water, and the main factors causing the change were analyzed. This research is helpful to understand the development and utilization conditions of groundwater and provide scientific basis for promoting the rational development of groundwater resources in the saltwater area of the eastern Hebei Plain.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 81-89 [Abstract] ( 52 ) RICH HTML PDF (4654 KB)  ( 138 )
90 Investigation and cause analysis of the debris flow in Shuiquangou watershed of Zhouqu County
DING Xuqiang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.11
In order to explore the formation cause of the debris flow in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province, and protect the safety of people's lives and property, the authors took the detris flow in Shuiquangou watershed of Zhouqu County as the research object. The regional survey, ground investigation and underground exploration methods were used to ascertain the characteristics of debris flow and analyze its formation cause, on the basis of geological environment conditions investigation and analyzation in the study area. Besides, the dangerous area of the debris flow was divided. The results show that the loose slope structure and steep slope could induce debris flow under the action of precipitation, earthquake, engineering activity or gravity. The design gravity of the debris flow in Shuiquangou is 18.7 kN/m3, and the annual discharge is 1.24×104 m3/a. The maximum discharge of the debris flow is 0.66×104 m3 and the maximum pressure of the debris flow is 190.22 kN, with maximum climbing height of 6.2 m. Extreme dangerous area is distributed from Shuiquangou estuary to Bailongjiang river bank, with the area of 0.13 km2, accounting for 9.8% of the total area, which has worst effects on Shuiquanxincun, 313 provincial road and Fengdie area. It is suggested that two gravity-grouted Shigufang dams should be arranged in the middle and lower reaches of the main ditch, and one should be arranged in the alluvial fan ditch, with a 894-meter-long drainage dam. This research could provide some reference for the debris flow prevention in Gansu Province.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 90-96 [Abstract] ( 50 ) RICH HTML PDF (2442 KB)  ( 174 )
97 Ecological geological vulnerability assessment and zoning of Qinyuan County in the upper reaches of Qinhe River Basin
LIU Miao, LIU Yi, MIAO Zhijia, XU Kairan, SHI Peidong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.12
Qinhe River Basin is an important tributary of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and it is of great significance to study its ecological protection and restoration for the high quality development of the Yellow River Basin. According to the results of the ecological geological survey, the authors selected 11 main factors affecting the ecological geological vulnerability of Qinyuan County, including geological background and natural environment et al, to establish an evaluation index system. The geographical information system and the analytic hierarchy process were used to carry out the ecological geological vulnerability assessment of Qinyuan County. And specific suggestions on ecological protection and restoration were put forward for each ecological geological vulnerability zone. The results show that the mildly vulnerable area of ecological geology in Qinyuan County is mainly distributed in Qinhe River and its tributary river valleys, accounting for 1.1%. The moderately vulnerable area is mainly distributed from the western Wangtao Town to the northwestern Lingkongshan Town, and from Eastern Guodao Town to Northern Fazhong Town, accounting for 81.16%. The highly vulnerable area is mainly distributed in Wanghe Town—Guodao Town—Guantan Town area in the northern Qinyuan County and Liyuan Town—Lingkongshan Town area in the central and southern Qinyuan County, accounting for 17.74%. And there is no extremely vulnerable area. The county can be divided into 4 ecological geological vulnerability zones, including 3 moderate ecological geological vulnerability zones, that is, Jingfeng moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅰ), Taiyue Mountain moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅱ), and Jiaokou—Qinhe moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅲ), and 1 high ecological geological vulnerability zone, that is, Wanghe—Liyuan high geological ecological vulnerability zone (Ⅳ). The research results have guiding significance for ecological geological restoration in Qinyuan County in the upper reaches of Qinhe River basin, and could provide reference for the territorial ecological protection and restoration zoning in Qinyuan County.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 97-107 [Abstract] ( 63 ) RICH HTML PDF (7787 KB)  ( 159 )
108 Determination of the slip surface of a thick gravel soil landslide and the prevention and control strategy
ZHANG Jingsong, YANG Hong, YE Xian, ZHENG Ruimin, NI Hongliang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.13
The difficulty of gravel soil landslide prevention and control is the accurate determination of its slip surface. Taking the thick gravel soil landslide on the left side of K14+030—K14+130 section of Dayangyun Expressway as an example, the authors fully identified the characteristics of the geological structure within the scope of the landslide and the mechanism of landslide genesis, on the basis of ground investigation, drilling, in-situ test, indoor test and stability analysis. The most important factor affecting the stability of gravel soil landslide is earthquake. The slip surface in the gravel soil layer was comprehensively investigated. The color of the slope is brown yellow, the graved is mainly in small particle size, and the density is loose. The drilling core has obvious scratches, and the gravel particles have a directional arrangement trend. The prevention and control strategy of double-row anti-slip piles + anchor cable frame lattice beam slope protection + interceptor ditch was finally proposed after selection, and this strategy achieved good management effect. The results of this study could provide some reference for the determination of the slip surface of similar thick gravel soil landslides and the study of prevention and control strategy.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 108-115 [Abstract] ( 45 ) RICH HTML PDF (6350 KB)  ( 66 )
116 Application of oblique aerial photography technology in the geological hazard investigation in dense vegetation mountainous areas
WANG Wentao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2024.02.14
In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of geological hazard investigation in dense vegetation mountainous areas, the author used oblique aerial photography technology to obtain its image data. The mountainous area image data were preprocessed through uniform light and color processing positioning system (POS). On the basis of photometric multi-view stereo (PMVS) algorithm, dense matching of dense vegetation mountainous area images was achieved. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the mountainous area was completed, and the interpretation criteria for geological hazards were established. Geological hazard investigation in dense vegetation mountainous areas was completed through computer-aided interpretation method. The experimental data show that under different experimental conditions, the integrity of mountainous image data and the accuracy of geological hazard investigation are higher after the application of oblique aerial photography technology, indicating its good application effect. The research results have some guiding significance for geological hazard investigation in mountainous areas, and could provide scientific references for the identification and investigation, risk assessment, and formulation of prevention and control plans of geological hazards in mountainous areas.
2024 Vol. 11 (2): 116-122 [Abstract] ( 66 ) RICH HTML PDF (3012 KB)  ( 46 )
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