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2018 Vol. 5, No. 2
Published: 2018-04-20
 
1 Project progress of survey, evaluation and exploration demonstration of national geothermal resource
WANG Guiling, ZHANG Wei, LIN Wenjing, LIU Feng, GAN Haonan, FU Lei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.01
As a kind of clean energy, geothermal resource is playing a more and more important role in our country’s energy transformation and economic development. The main work of the project “National geothermal resource survey, evaluation and exploration demonstration” includes the evaluation of geothermal resource in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the survey of dry hot rock in southeastern coastal areas and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A series of scientific breakthroughs have been made, a large number of engineering problems in geothermal development have been solved, and a lot of achievements and experience were acquired. Above all,the authors summarized the achievements and progress, discussed the problems in work, and pointed out the next step of geothermal development in the future.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 547 ) RICH HTML PDF (5849 KB)  ( 757 )
8 Progress in research on the geothermal resources in Taxkorgan Valley, Xinjiang
SHI Jie, LU Chengxin, LI Qinghai, CHANG Zhiyong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.02
Geothermal geological condition of Xinjiang Taxkorgan Valley was summarized in this paper. The geological structures, geothermal distribution, chemical and isotopic characteristics of geothermal fluid were analyzed. The author also investigated the geothermal formation mechanism, and calculated the geothermal resources and exploitable quantity. The results show that the geothermal resources in the study area are controlled by faults, and the ground temperature changes are obviously consistent with those of caprock, intact bedrock and fault zone (geothermal reservoir). The maximum temperature of measured thermal reservoir is 161 ℃ now, and the calculated temperature of deep geothermal reservoir can reach 222~268 ℃. Besides, the maximum geothermal gradient is 149.20 ℃/100 m. The geothermal fluid is characterized by deep circulation, which is obviously different from shallow water in hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics. Geothermal fluid is derived from meteoric water and is stored, transported and enriched in fractures and fissures. With the heat supply of radioactive heat and crystallization heat of intrusive rock, the underground fluid continuously exchanges heat and substance with the wall rock. In the wall rock and cover layer of thermal reservoir, heat exchange is mainly in the mode of conduction, and in the heat storage reservoir,heat is mainly in the mode of convection. The stored heat in the geothermal field is 55.919×1011 MJ, and the exploitable quantity of geothermal fluid is 12 593 m3/d, with the heat energy productivity of 77.9 MW. The thermal reservoir of Taxkorgan Valley has shallow buried depth and is easy to be exploited, which has considerable direct and indirect economic value.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 8-10 [Abstract] ( 519 ) RICH HTML PDF (6763 KB)  ( 407 )
18 Discussion on the relationship between Cenozoic magmatic activity and geotherm in Tibetan Plateau
ZHANG Chaofeng, SHI Qianglin, ZHANG Lingjuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.03
There are abundant geothermal resources and nearly 700 geothermal display areas (points) in Tibetan Plateau with the characteristics of wide distribution, high temperature and great potentiality. It is necesssary to investigate the distribution regularity and causes of geothermal resources, in order to better evaluate the geothermal resources and explore the exploitation and development plan that conforms to the characteristics of the geothermal resources in Tibetan Plateau. On the basis of summarizing previous studies on the Cenozoic magmatic activity and the characteristics of geothermal resources in Tibetan Plateau, the authors analyzed the controlling factors of geothermal resources distribution from the perspective of geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, and discussed the relationship between Cenozoic magmatic activity and the geothermal resources spatial distribution. They focused on the relationship between the geothermal regionalization of Zangnan and the magmatic activity of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone. The results show that the geothermal activity in Tibetan Plateau is controlled by the geological tectonic evolution. And the geothermal activity in southern region is stronger than that in the northern region. The main active area of geothermal activity is the intersection of the EW regional tectonic suture zone and the NS deep fault. The magmatic activity provides the heat source for geothermal resources in the study area.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 18-24 [Abstract] ( 496 ) RICH HTML PDF (3644 KB)  ( 602 )
25 Evaluation and comprehensive study of geothermal resources in Tianjin
RU Hongjiu, LIU Donglin, HU Huichuan, SHEN Jian
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.04
The thermal reservoir above 4 000 m depth is the research object in this paper. Through summarizing the characteristics and exploration situation of the geothermal resources in Tianjin, the authors utilized the thermal reservoir method combined with water balance method and numerical coupling optimization management model method to calculate the 30 years’ resource quantities and exploitable heat of the main thermal reservoir in Tianjin. The results show that by the end of 2045, according to the water balance method,the exploitable resource quantities and heat are 27.012×1018m3 and 47.0×1016J respectively, and according to the numerical coupling optimization management model method, the exploitable resource quantities and heat are 26.6×1018m3 and 49.74×1016J respectively. The results of the two methods are basically consistent. This could provide some reference for rational development, utilization and management of geothermal resources in Tianjin.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 493 ) RICH HTML PDF (5163 KB)  ( 478 )
32 Review on the development and utilization conditions of shallow geothermal energy and multiple energy combined application in alpine region
SUN Dong, DONG Jianxing, YANG Haijun, ZHAO Chi, CHEN Yinsong, LI Dameng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.05
This research focuses on the heating and cooling demand of the buildings and the development and utilization conditions of shallow geothermal energy in alpine region, which would promlte the maximum use of shallow geothermal energy in energy supply of buildings. In addition, it explores the aombined application of multiple energy in supply heating to better solve the energy shortage problem in alpine region. The authors analyzed the plateau climate characteristics, and did research on the investigation, exploration, evaluation of shallow geothermal energy and combined application of multiple energy. The results show that shallow geothermal energy is mainly used for winter heating and hot water supply in alpine region, and the demand is great. The resource grade of shallow geothermal energy in alpine region is low with little heat transfer temperature difference. The most economical mode of heat exchanging is groundwater source heat pump, and there is little space for the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in cities. The deep geothermal energy and solar energy are abundant in the study area, and these resources could be fully utilized through the way of basic load and peak-regulating load to solve the problem of great heat demand and improve energy utilization efficiency.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 32-37 [Abstract] ( 372 ) RICH HTML PDF (3209 KB)  ( 305 )
38 Distribution and fluids hydrochemistry characteristics of hydrothermal geothermal resources in Guizhou Province
YANG Rongkang, LUO Wei, PEI Yongwei, WANG Qian
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.06
In order to analyze the distribution and fluids hydrochemistry characteristics of hydrothermal geothermal resources in Guizhou Province, the authors investigated and sampled fluids from hot springs and geothermal wells within the province. Based on the previous and newest geothermal resources exploration data,through geothermal resources exploration and evaluation standard and Piper Graph of fluids hydrochemistry, the authors divided geothermal resource types, and analyzed resource distribution, resource enrichment and geothermal reservoir characters. The characteristics of fluids hydrochemistry and trace elements in different tectonic zones and different geothermal reservoirs were also studied in this paper. The results show that the hydrothermal geothermal resources in Guizhou Province are mainly distributed in Central and Northern Guizhou, which belong to low temperature geothermal resources. And the main resource type is uplift (fold) fracture type and the most widely distributed geothermal reservoirs are layered reservoir and banding reservoir. The enrichment and outcrop of geothermal fluids are obviously controlled by the structure. The biggest four geothermal resource areas, mainly Sinian and Cambrian dolomite geothermal reservoirs in a stable dyuamic state, are Shiqian, Zunyi, Guiyang and Xifeng. The hydrochemistry characteristics of the fluids in same tectonic zones and geothermal reservoirs are basically same. The fluids belong to bicarbonate type in hudrochemistry and they have low mineralization, and high content of trace elements and radioactive elements, such as strontium, metasilicate, fluorine and radon.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 488 ) RICH HTML PDF (4128 KB)  ( 815 )
45 Analysis of geothermal geological conditions and resources exploitation potential in Lanzhou City
WEI Linsen, ZHANG Linpeng, WANG Ting, LI Li
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.07
Lanzhou City is located in Mesozoic faulted basin of the eastern Minhe-Lanzhou depression basin. Due to the thick sedimentary rocks and the well developed faults from multi-period tectonic movements in the basin, this area is in favorable condition for geothermal water formation. Through exploration confirmation, the geothermal resources of Lanzhou City are the sedimentary basin type of middle-low temperature (60 to 90 ℃). The distribution of the geothermal resources of about 530 km2 is mainly controlled by two deep faults in the north and south of the basin. According to the partition of the geological structure units, the authors have evaluated geothermal resources exploitation potential of the three blocks in the east, the middle and the west of the city. The results show that the productivities of the geothermal fields in the three blocks are 17.91 MW, 117.46 MW and 23.49 MW respectively. So these fields can be regarded as the middle-large scale geothermal fields, with better prospects for development and utilization.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 45-50 [Abstract] ( 437 ) RICH HTML PDF (3959 KB)  ( 398 )
51 Analysis of hydrothermal geothermal resources and its prospect of development and utilization in Shandong
LIU Chunhua, WANG Wei, WEI Zhengrun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.08
Shandong Province has a wide range of geothermal resources and abundant resource reserves. According to the theory of geothermal conduction as well as the geological structure and the earth heat flow in Shandong Province, the geothermal distribution and resource quantitise were discussed in this paper. The results show that the distribution of geothermal resources in Shandong Province is strictly controlled by regional geological structure. According to geothermal genesis, they can be divided into uplift mountain deep circulation type and sedimentary fault basin conduction type. Based on geothermal genesis and thermal storage types, the province is divided into four geothermal resource areas: Ⅰ- East Shandong geothermal area; Ⅱ- Yishu fault zone geothermal area; Ⅲ-West Shandong uplift geothermal area; Ⅳ-Northwest Shandong geothermal area. The amount of geothermal resources is equivalent to 14.373 billion tons of standard coal. The current geothermal exploitation amount is less than 3% of the recoverable reserves without regard to artificial recharge, so the potential is still great. Reasonably developing and utilizing geothermal resourcs in accordance with the geothermal resources distribution characteristics, is an effective way to reduce fossil energy consumption, optimize energy structure, and improve the quality of atmospheric environment.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 51-56 [Abstract] ( 496 ) RICH HTML PDF (2768 KB)  ( 626 )
57 Survey and utilization of geothermal resources in Wanjiang Economic Belt
CHEN Xuefeng, WEI Yongxia, LI Yongjun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.09
Based on previous survey and evaluation achievements of geothermal resources in Wanjiang Economic Belt, the authors expounded on the distribution characteristics, formation mechanism, categorie and resources quantity of geothermal resources in this area, analyzed the current situation of exploitation and utilization, and the following issues. Although the geothermal resources in Wanjiang Economic Belt are abundant, only part of the hydrothermal geothermal resources are highly developed, but with low utilization efficiency. The hydrothermal geothermal resources are mainly warm-hot and warm water with low grade. The shallow geothermal energy in the study area is abundant and widely distributed with mature technology of exploitation and utilization, so it is favorable for vigorous exploitation and utilization. However, most parts of the region lack survey and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy. Thus, the authors suggest that cascade or cyclic utilization measures should be adopted to improve efficiency, and the geothermal resources should be comprehensively utilized. The current prospecting model should be updated to search high-grade geothermal resources. The survey and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy should be made in the county level, and the monitoring platform of geothermal resources exploitation and utilization should be established.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 57-63 [Abstract] ( 481 ) RICH HTML PDF (5539 KB)  ( 385 )
64 Index system research of project site selection for dry hot rocks exploration
LI Shengtao, ZHANG Senqi, JIA Xiaofeng, XU Tianfu, REN Tao, LI Fucheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.10
Dry hot rocks are innovative and renewable green energy, with the characteristics of huge reserve and wide range of utilization. It is of great importance to develop and utilize the dry hot rocks. Finding out a suitable project site is the key to the successful exploration of dry hot rocks under the current situation in China. Focusing on the key issue of project site selection for dry hot rocks, the authors summarized the site selection experience of dry hot rocks exploration at home and abroad. From the aspects of resource, technology, safety, and economy, this research established an index system for site selection assessment including 4 index layers and 20 indicators. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each evaluation index is calculated. In addition, a site selection assessment method is proposed on the basis of analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive scoring method. The index system and assessment method proposed in this study have some guiding significance for project site selection.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 64-72 [Abstract] ( 380 ) RICH HTML PDF (1650 KB)  ( 422 )
73 Technical and economic evaluation on the hot dry rock drilling project in 5 000 meters deep
ZHAO Yuangang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.11
This paper mainly introduces the deep hot dry rock drilling projects in Fenton Hill of the USA and Soultz of France, which provides some reference for the design of the deep hot dry rock drilling project. According to Chinese dry rock drilling foundation and geological reservoir formation conditions, the author established three kinds of hot dry rock drilling projects on the basis of drilling depth, well structure, drilling technology and drilling equipment, and gave the explicit value of the drilling technical indexes. The technical and economic evaluation of each project was acquired through calculation. The result shows that the large diameter drilling project is technically reliable and economically viable for the 5 000 meters hot dry rock drilling project.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 73-77 [Abstract] ( 431 ) RICH HTML PDF (1091 KB)  ( 586 )
78 Study on the calculation of geothermal fluids recoverable quantity and the distribution law of karst geothermal reservoirs in Hebei Plain
ZHANG Dezhong, MA Yunqing, SU Yongqiang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.12
Using geothermal reservoirs method, analytical method, statistical analysis method and numerical simulation method, the authors evaluated and compared the geothermal fluids recoverable quantity of layered geothermal reservoirs in Hebei Plain. Geothermal reservoirs method and analytical method are suitable for geothermal fields with low exploration degree without geothermal wells or with only a small number of geothermal wells and productivity test data, so the calculation precision is relatively low. Statistical analysis method and numerical simulation method are suitable for geothermal fields with high exploration degree and multiple years of development and monitoring data, so the results are reliable. The karst geothermal reservoirs have the characteristics of high temperature, easy recharge and good sustainability, and they mainly occur in the Paleozoic and Middle-Upper Proterozoic strata and are covered by the Cenozoic strata, which is conducive to the thermal accumulation and insulation of the reservoirs. Karst fissures are widely distributed in the uplift zone of the bedrock’ forming deep hot water reservoirs. These reservoirs may develop into geothermal fields with great development and utilization value, and are the major reservoirs for further geothermal exploration and development.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 78-85 [Abstract] ( 481 ) RICH HTML PDF (2094 KB)  ( 645 )
86 Discussion on distribution of geothermal resources and locating wells methods of geothermal exploration in Eastern Shandong Province
CUI Yufeng, ZHANG Jie, YIN Tao, SHI Meng, BI Jianxin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2018.02.13
There are abundant geothermal resources in Eastern Shandong Province. And it’s crucial to select locating wells methods in the processes of geothermal exploration, development and utilization. On the basis of analyzing the distribution characteristics and occurrence rules of geothermal resources in Eastern Shandong Province, and with the experience of geothermal exploration and construction in the study area, the authors used different methods for different geothermal conditions to locate geothermal wells in the typical geothermal exploration areas in Eastern Shandong Province. These methods mainly include natural electric field frequency selection, transient electromagnetic method(TEM), controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding(CSAMT), electromagnetic sounding and natural radioactivity sounding. The authors also compared the results of different methods. The results show that the geothermal resources in Eastern Shandong Province are mainly distributed near the intersection of the NE, NNE and NW faults, which are deep circulating convective ribbon geothermal resources controlled by faults. Because the thermal reservoirs distribution is mainly controlled by faults, it is appropriate to choose the intersection of two or more faults as the wells locations of geothermal exploration. Natural electric field frequency selection and transient electromagnetic method can better reflect the characteristics of shallow strata and faults. Controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding can better reflect the development characteristics of deep faults, which is an appropriate method for geothermal exploration in Eastern Shandong Province. In order to avoid the influence of external factors in the process of geophysical exploration, more than two kinds of exploration methods should be adopted to locate geothermal wells.
2018 Vol. 5 (2): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 465 ) RICH HTML PDF (5573 KB)  ( 8183 )
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