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2021 Vol. 8, No. 1
Published: 2021-02-20
 
1 Progresses and main achievements of ecogeological survey project
NIE Hongfeng, XIAO Chunlei, DAI Meng, LIU Jianyui, SHANG Boxuan, GUO Zhaocheng, HE Peng, OUYANG Yuan, LEI Tianci, LI Wenming, ZHOU Chuanfang, JIANG Qigang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.01
In order to fully support the overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management of the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass,since 2019 China Geological Survey has organized and implemented the “project of ecogeological survey”, which is guided by the theory of earth system science. This project has focused on 1:500 000 ecogeological survey of the distribution of the forest, grass and wetland in Northern China, and 1:50 000 ecogeological survey of the ecological function of Daliangshan district and the source regions of Yellow River. Integrated survey technique of “Air-Space-Ground” sensors has been applied to obtain the different scales of the spatial distribution and variation data of the forest, grasslands and wetlands, the distribution data of ecogelolgical conditions such as soil parent rock, hydrogeological factors, soil and topography, as well as the distribution of ecological problems such as desertification and wetland shrinkage. By analyzing the mutual influence and constraint between ecology and geology and the genetic mechanism of the ecological problems, the ecogeological units have been divided and the ecogeological maps have been established. These achievements provide some suggestions and countermeasure of the land space ecological protection and restoration based on the theory of earth system science, and provide the basic data and technical support for the work on ecological protection and system restoration in Northern China.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 505 ) RICH HTML PDF (12646 KB)  ( 610 )
13 Relationship between authigenic clay mineral and dessert reservoir—A case study in Weixinan Sag and Wenchang A Sag
LOU Min, YANG Xianghua, YAO Guangqing, JIANG Ping
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.02
Clay mineral is an important part of cement in clastic rock reservoir and its type and content have great influence on the quality of the reservoir. Based on the research of thin section, cathodoluminescence, mercury intrusion data, SEM, X-ray diffraction, physical properties and other data, the authors analyzed the clay minerals in Weixinan Sag and Wenchang A Sag. The results show that the dessert reservoir is closely related to the clay mineral, and two clay mineral assemblages of relatively high-quality reservoir are developed in low permeability background. The dessert reservoir of Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Sag are mostly developed in medium coarse sandstone and gravel bearing coarse sandstone. The activity of acid fluid and dissolution in the reservoir is strong. The relative content of kaolinite is high, and the pore types are mainly dissolution pores and intergranular pores. There are two genesis kinds of kaolinite, which are the leaching of atmospheric fresh water and dissolution of organic acid respectively. The high-quality reservoir of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag is mainly located in the front of fan delta, and the deposit is transformed by paroxysmal water flow and sea water. The relative content of chlorite is high, and the pore type is mainly residual intergranular pore. The main types of chlorite are granular coating and pore lining, supplemented by cluster chlorite filled between grains. The analysis of the relationship between clay mineral and dessert reservoir is of great significance to the dessert finding and oil and gas exploration.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 13-23 [Abstract] ( 263 ) RICH HTML PDF (11854 KB)  ( 82 )
24 Metamorphic characteristics and carbon origin of Guokuishan graphite deposit
LIU Chenglong, YU Junbo, DONG Feng, MA Huiru, YANG Jinchao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.03
The Guokuishan graphite deposit in Heilongjiang Province is a large newly-discovered sedimentary metamorphic graphite deposit, and the study on the metamorphic characteristics and processes of the deposit and its carbon source is still a blank. The protolith of mining metamorphic rocks was reinstated through methods of petrology, petrochemistry and carbon isotope composition, and the stigma of degeneracy and ore genesis were also discussed in this paper. The results show that the metamorphism degree of the metamorphic rocks in this area was high amphibolite facies, and the silica was formed in the melt crystallization after the isothermal decompression degeneration. The original rock is a shallow sea-coastal phase carbon silica with characteristics of khondalite series and two kinds of information about Archean ancient continent and Proterozoic stable sediments. The source of metallogenic material is organic carbon, belonging to the organic origin. This research has certain guiding significance in the search of the same type of deposit in this area.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 24-32 [Abstract] ( 234 ) RICH HTML PDF (4710 KB)  ( 115 )
33 Geological characteristics and ore-controlling factors of Tianjinghu Pb-Au deposit in Wuhe County of Anhui Province
DU Dongxu, ZHANG Jiajia, ZHANG Shunlin, GU Danian
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.04
Tianjinghu Pb-Au deposit, located at the intersection between the EW-trending Bengbu uplift and the NNE-trending Tan-Lu fault zone, is a medium-size Pb-Au symbiotic deposit. The magmatic activity in the area is well developed, and the metallogenic conditions are good. In order to analyze the ore-controlling factors of Tianjinghu Pb-Au deposit, and establish its metallogenic model, the authors summarized the metallogenic geological characteristics and investigated the characteristics of ore-controlling factors such as stratum, structure and magmatic rocks in Tianjinghu Pb-Au mining area and other areas of wuhe, based on recent new results and previous data. The main ore-controlling factors of the deposit are NNE-NE-trending and SN-trending fault structures. The sedimentary-metamorphic rock system of Xigudui Formation is an ore-forming stratum. The intermediate-acidic vein rocks and large-scale rock masses are of great significance to the formation of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids and the activation and migration of ore-forming materials. Xigudui Formation and Wuhe Group provide space for fault activities and some material sources for gold deposits. This achievement improves the metallogenic and ore-controlling pattern of gold deposits in Wuhe area, and also provides some theoretical basis and reference for the search for the same type of deposits in this area.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 33-42 [Abstract] ( 205 ) RICH HTML PDF (4981 KB)  ( 120 )
43 Geological characteristics and mineralization analysis of Daqiutian gold deposit in Zhanggongshan area of Anhui Province
DU Yudiao, ZHENG Guangwen, WEI Guohui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.05
Daqiutian gold deposit in Zhanggongshan area is located in the northern margin of Jiangnan orogen. Based on the collection of previous research data and achievements of exploration projects, the authors in this paper investigated the ore-controlling factors and metallogenic mechanism through field geological investigation and drilling exploration. The results show that the gold deposit mainly occurs in the fracture quartzite of Mukeng Formation, and that the gold mineralization is obviously controlled by the tectonic belt, which provides hydrothermal conditions and occurrence space for mineralization. The ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from the mixed meteoric water and magmatic water. The mineralization is closely related to tectonism, and the magmatism is involved in the mineralization activity. The deposit type is a hydrothermal filling metasomatic deposit.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 43-50 [Abstract] ( 221 ) RICH HTML PDF (4560 KB)  ( 120 )
51 Spatial distribution characteristics of Nitrogen in the water body of Fengjiajiang river
CHEN Wen, YU Shaowen, Zhang Hongxin, LIU Huaiqin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.06
Fengjiajiang river is an important ecological corridor of Beihai town. It is of great importance in understanding the pollution level of Nitrogen and the control and prevention of Nitrogen pollution in Fengjiajiang river, through the investigation of Nitrogen spatial distribution characteristics, pollution sources and influence factors. The spatial distribution characteristics of Nitrogen in the surface water and groundwater were analyzed with geostatistical method. The results show that the Nitrogen concentration in the surface water has the characteristics of high NH3-N and low NO3-N, with the average value of NH3-N 5.42 mg/L. NO3-N is concentrated in the pore groundwater, with the maximun value of 32.63 mg/L. The main sources of Nitrogen pollution include domestic pollutants, animal and human manure and the usage of chemical fertilizer. The important factors affecting the migration and transformation of Nitrogen pollutants in the water boby of the study area are pH value, redox conditions, lithologic structure and thickness of the unsaturated zone.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 262 ) RICH HTML PDF (3474 KB)  ( 140 )
60 Exploration of the technology and method of 1:50 000 regional geological survey in proluvial and alluvial plain
ZHAO Yong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.07
Planning and construction work in the capital area is mainly distributed on the loose strata of the Beijing Plain,therefore, the study of Quaternary geology is particularly important. According to the 1:50 000 regional geological survey and special investigation of active faults in the Beijing Plain, the author has systematically summarized the main methods and techniques of Quaternary regional geological survey and evaluation, and the effects in solving the basic geological, ecological and environmental problems in the Quaternary. The fine geological structure of the Quaternary, distribution characteristics of aquifers, the active fault location and active time limit were accurately determined, and the evolution sequence of natural environment and human activities were discussed through regional geological survey in Beijing Plain, which also provide basis for city planning, key project construction and exploitation of water resources in emergency water sources. The results also provide important geological support for disaster reduction and prevention and research on ecological environment in evolution the capital city.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 60-70 [Abstract] ( 210 ) RICH HTML PDF (15081 KB)  ( 333 )
71 Geochemical characteristics of the pegmatite veins in Shaotangou area, Jiajika of Western Sichuan Province
WU Wenhui, ZHAO Chun, ZHAN Hanyu, QIN Yulong, LI Mingze, XU Yunfeng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.08
Based on petrological and geochemical investigations of the pegmatite veins in Shaotangou area, this paper discusses their origin and tectonic setting. The results show that SiO2 content of the pegmatite veins in Shaotangou ranges from 73.46% to 75.96%, and the total alkaline content ranges from 4.71% to 7.36%, with Rittman index of 0.7 to 1.84, which indicates that the rocks have calc-alkaline characteristics. The aluminum saturation index (A/CNK) of the pegmatite veins is over 1.1 (1.54 to 2.49), indicating that these rocks belong to peraluminous S-type granite. The major, trace and rare earth elements data of the pegmatite veins indicate that they are mainly sourced from clay sediments. They have similar trace and rare earth elements distribution and Nb/Ta ratio, compared with Jiajika two-mica granite. And these two pegmatite veins are cogenetic and belong to highly differentiated granite. The tectonic setting analysis shows that the pegmatite veins are classified as syn-collision granite, and that the dome structure in Jiajika area provides a favorable structural environment for the formation of the rare metal pegmatite veins during the relative stable late stage of Indo-China movement.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 71-79 [Abstract] ( 290 ) RICH HTML PDF (8358 KB)  ( 123 )
80 Formation and evolution of Cenozoic basin in Ninglang of Yunnan Province
MA Changwei, YE Zhengyu, CAO Yun, WANG Chao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.09
Ninglang Basin is located on the active edge of Yangtze Paleo-Continent Block,and it is a structural transformation zone, which absorbed and regulated the stress and strain of India-Eurasia collision. In order to study the relationship between the formation and evolution of Cenozoic basins in Ninglang area of Yunnan Province and its regional structures and basin types, the authors analyzed the structural framework of Ninglang Basin and its adjacent areas, through several 1:50 000 regional geological surveys. The results show that the formation and evolution of the basin are controlled by faults. Ninglang Basin is believed to be a typical strike-slip pull-apart basin through the study of the sedimentary construction, spatial evolution of the basin-controlling structure and the regional geological background. The evolution has gone through three stages: pulling apart and opening stage from the Paleocene to Eocene, pull-apart basin deposition stage from the beginning of the Eocene to the end of the Eocene, and the basin reform stage from the Eocene to the Miocene.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 80-88 [Abstract] ( 185 ) RICH HTML PDF (8295 KB)  ( 199 )
89 Discussion on the transgression boundary of MIS3 stage in the western coast of Bohai Bay
LU Qingwei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.10
The Southern Tianjin Plain, located in the western coast of Bohai Bay, is an ideal natural place to study the transgression and sea level change. Based on the comprehensive research of sedimentary characteristics, dating (AMS 14C) and micro paleontology of two boreholes (ZKQ1 and ZK1), the authors inferred that transgression maximum influence boundary in the MIS 3 stage was between two boreholes (ZK1 and ZKQ1). The western side of the boundary is continental sedimentary, and the eastern side of the boundary is transitional sedimentary. boundry location was in the area of the present Heilonggang River and was once an ancient river channel, so it is speculated that the area affected by the transgression in this period was restricted by the ancient river channel. Combined with the previous three boreholes (ZKQ4, CGZ5 and CGZ7) data, the author has established the profile of the E→W direction (sea → land) and further confirmed that E→W in this area was transformed from Marine facies (CGZ7 and CGZ5) to transitional sedimentary (ZKQ4 and ZKQ1) to continental facies (ZK1). It is speculated that the transgression boundary of MIS3 is in the area of Dongshangmatou (CGZ5) and Gaojiazhuang (ZKQ4) in Jinghai district. This achievement is of great significance to the restoration of paleogeographic evolution, the sea-level change research and the geological exploration of hydraulic environment in this region.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 89-96 [Abstract] ( 257 ) RICH HTML PDF (4635 KB)  ( 187 )
97 Progress of geological hazards survey in the urban area from Wanzhou to Wushan in the Three Gorges Reservoir
YANG Xiuyuan, FU Jie, HAN Xudong, ZHANG Chao, PAN Shuhua, LI Gang, GUO Yingping, PAN Jianyong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.11
Three Gorges Reservoir, as the main area of the National 13th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters, is faced with outstanding problems of geological disasters, especially the area from Wanzhou to Wushan, which is a concentrated development area of geological disasters, with more than five thousand geological disasters spots. Taking background checking, risks evaluating and forecast researching as the main line, the authors have obtained some new understanding about the mechanism, background conditions of regional geological disasters and geological disaster risk assessment in urban area, through the project work in 2019. Firstly, the background conditions of geological disasters were summarized from geological material characteristics, occurrence conditions and influencing factors. Secondly, the formation and evolution mechanism of geological disasters was identified from geological deposition history, landform evolution and micro-landform transformation. Thirdly, the hazard-affected body were automatically extracted through the combination of optical remote sensing and low-altitude aerial photography of UAV. Fourthly, the geological disaster risk assessment method based on slope units was formed, and the geological disaster risk assessment of Dazhou town in Three Gorges Reservoir area was completed. These results play an exemplary role in supporting and serving local disaster prevention and control, and guiding geological disaster risk assessment.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 97-107 [Abstract] ( 157 ) RICH HTML PDF (8923 KB)  ( 99 )
108 National groundwater monitoring project (natural resources section) achievements in West Liaohe Plain
YANG Zhiyan, LI Yuanjie, WU Yongtao, NIU Yandong, XU Rui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.12
In order to implement the national groundwater monitoring project and the groundwater quality monitoring task, and to realize the effective monitoring of groundwater dynamics in West Liaohe Plain, 117 national automatic groundwater monitoring wells have been set up in West Liaohe Plain in the national groundwater monitoring project, including 93 new monitoring wells and 24 reconstructed civil wells, and 117 sets of automatic monitoring instruments have been installed. The controlling area is 57 000 km2, and the pore water aquifer of Quaternary loose sediments is the main groundwater monitoring horizon,with the maximum depth of 206 m. The national groundwater monitoring project information service system has been established, which has enhanced the ability of acquisition, analysis, sharing and serving of the groundwater monitoring information. The implementation of this project has greatly improved the frequency, timeliness, reliability and accuracy of groundwater monitoring in the monitoring area.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 108-113 [Abstract] ( 191 ) RICH HTML PDF (2025 KB)  ( 171 )
114 Overview of the research progress of groundwater resources assessment technology based on remote sensing
LU Zhao, DENG Zhengdong, WANG Daqing, ZHAO Hongfei, WANG Guangyuan, XU Haoli
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.13
The storage and depth of groundwater are important contents in groundwater resources survey. Remote sensing technology has advantages of fast data acquisition, low comprehensive cost and large observation scale. The groundwater resources assessment technology based on remote sensing has always attracted the attention of researchers, and it is also a hot and difficult issue in the field of remote sensing application research. This paper presents an overview of the application research progress of remote sensing technology in the assessment of groundwater storage and depth, and have divided the groundwater resources assessment technology into three types-single-factor model evaluation method, multi-factor comprehensive model evaluation method and evaluation method based on GRACE data auovding to their characteristics. Three conclusions are drawn. Firstly, the groundwater resources assessment technology based on remote sensing has been continuously enriched and the assessment accuracy has also been continuously improved after years of development, which can be used as an important auxiliary method for traditional groundwater resources survey. Secondly, the research on remote sensing evaluation technology for groundwater storage has developed rapidly, while these for groundwater depth have progressed relatively slowly. Thirdly, the combined use of high-temporal-spatial resolution remote sensing technology and machine learning technology, and the application of UAV remote sensing technology are future development directions of the groundwater resources assessment technology based on remote sensing.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 114-124 [Abstract] ( 277 ) RICH HTML PDF (1194 KB)  ( 268 )
125 Application of Eeration method to build low-frequency model in reservoir inversion
WANG Wei, LI Bingying, HUANG Xin, CHEN Yizhou
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2021.01.14
The accuracy of reservoir prediction has directly restricted the economy and effectiveness of oil and gas development, and the compensation of low-frequency information is one of the favorable ways to improve the inversion effect of the reservoir. However, the conventional modeling method of well interpolation low-pass filter is difficult to represent the low-frequency models in complex geological background, which seriously restricts the effect of seismic inversion. In order to reduce the impact of the presence of special geological bodies on reservoir inversion in the study area, the authors have adopted the iteration method to build low-frequency model in this paper. The factors such as compaction and special lithology have been considered step by step during modeling, and the low-frequency model was iteratively updated through the inversion effect to accurately establish the inversion low-frequency model for reflecting different lithologies (including volcanic rocks). The results show that this method can reasonably guarantee the reliability of reservoir inversion results and fully provide the data foundation for reservoir detailed description. The favorable reservoir (P1) of the main layer of W gas field in Xihu Sag was also re-characterized based on the inversion results, and the horizontal section of the development well was optimized. Besides, the good reservoirs were confirmed by the implementation results. Therefore, the iteration method provides a more effective modeling method for reservoir prediction in complex geological background.
2021 Vol. 8 (1): 125-133 [Abstract] ( 205 ) RICH HTML PDF (12385 KB)  ( 66 )
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