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2023 Vol. 10, No. 3
Published: 2023-06-20
 
1 Progress and main achievements of public welfare oil and gas survey in Xinjiang
YANG Youxing, GAO Yongjin, ZHOU Xingui, BAI Zhongkai, SUN Xiangcan, ZHANG Yuanyin, LIU Yalei, HAN Miao, LI Qingyao, MIAO Miaoqing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.01
The oil and gas resources in Xinjiang region has enormous potential, and it is a key area for increasing onshore oil and gas storage and production in China. The public welfare oil and gas geological survey has been carried out in accordance with the work concept of “basin comprehensive research direction selection, basic geological survey zoning, and strategic selection research for breakthroughs”, since the 13th Five Year Plan period, with a focus on deep to ultra deep layers, complex mountain front structural zones, and unconventional shale oil and gas. And the investment and scientific and technological research efforts of oil and gas basic geological survey in Xinjiang have been continuously increased. One major progress has been made in the investigation of the deep geological structure of Tarim Basin, and four major discoveries and breakthroughs have been made in the investigation of oil and gas, including Neogene in Wensu Uplift, Silurian in Shajingzi Structural Belt, Jurassic in the piedmont zone of Southwest Tarim and Southeast Tarim Depression, and unconventional shale oil and gas around Bogda Mountain in Junggar Basin. Three innovative geological theories were formed, including “differential settlement of ancient uplift controls reservoir control” in Wensu area, “fault dominated, multi-stage filling, and late stage dominated” in Shajingzi structural belt, and “deep source reservoir integration, shallow structure lithology dominated, and multi mineral ring distribution” around Bogda Mountain. Besides, three key techniques have been formed, including “basin level backbone seismic large profile data splicing and processing”, “pre stack target processing and interpretation of complex mountain front seismic data”, and “wide area electromagnetic profile measurement and comprehensive interpretation”. This work has achieved practical results in supporting the reform of the oil and gas exploration and extraction system in Xinjiang, and driven enterprises to achieve efficient exploration and development. And it also has improved the theoretical understanding level of oil and gas accumulation in deep basins, mountain front zones, and unconventional shale, and promoted local economic and social development.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 1-15 [Abstract] ( 111 ) RICH HTML PDF (51060 KB)  ( 151 )
16 Gas bearing potential and exploration strategy of organic shale in Guangxi
CHEN Jiyu, WANG Ruihu, CEN Wenpan, WANG Laijun, LU Jipu, CHEN Haiwu, ZHANG Meiling, CAO Shufang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.02
In order to deepen the understanding of shale gas-bearing potential in Guangxi, the authors in this research analyzed the gas-bearing potential of key organic-rich shale layers in Guangxi and the controlling factors of shale adsorbed methane gas volume, and discussed the favorable distribution area and exploration countermeasures of gas-bearing potential layers, through shale isothermal adsorption experiment method combined with TOC content, organic matter type, vitrinite reflectance (RO), whole rock and clay X-ray diffraction analysis and testing. The study shows that the shale of Luzhai Formation has the best gas potential, and the average saturated adsorption capacity is 2.87 m3/t, followed by Luofu Formation, Qingxi Formation, Shengping Formation, and Shipao Formation. The areas with the best shale adsorption performance are Shanglin and Nandan in Luofu Formation, Nandan-Liuzhou and Mashan Zhoulu in Luzhai Formation, and Shangsi in Shipao Formation. The main factors controlling the methane gas adsorbed by shale in Guangxi include TOC content, organic matter type, RO, pore volume of mesopore and micropore, content of illite /smectite mixed layers, and caprock conditions, but the main controlling factors of different shale layers are slightly different. In general, the exploration evaluation should focus on finding out the sedimentary microfacies, TOC content of shale, clay mineral types and relative content, structure and caprock preservation conditions. For areas with strong structural activity and high RO, the exploration principle of “looking for static in motion and selecting low from high” should be followed. The study aims to guide the exploration and development of shale gas in Guangxi for a new breakthrough.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 16-24 [Abstract] ( 95 ) RICH HTML PDF (2661 KB)  ( 119 )
25 New prospecting findings and potential analysis of Zhugongtang lead-zinc deposit in Northwestern Guizhou
WU Dawen, CAI Jingchen, HE Lianglun, WANG Jun, YANG Tian, HUANG Qing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.03
As the newly discovered super large lead-zinc deposit in Northwestern Guizhou, the ore-controlling characteristics and prospecting potential of Zhugongtang lead-zinc deposit were analyzed through detail description of new discoveries in Zhugongtang lead-zinc deposit. The results show that the ore bodies of Zhugongtang lead-zinc deposit have a good extension in direction and tendency, and new ore bodies were discovered in Qixia Formation and Baizuo Formation of F1 footwall, and Baizuo Formation of F3 top wall. And 3 274 400 t lead-zinc metal resources were submitted, indicating a breakthrough in prospecting for lead-zinc deposits in Northwestern Guizhou Province. The mining area has important prospecting indicators such as structure, stratigraphy (lithology), wall rock alteration, magmatic activity, and geophysical and geochemical prospecting anomalies, and it also has good metallogenic geological conditions and potential to find more concealed lead-zinc ore bodies. This work can provide reference for the prospecting of lead-zinc ore accumulation in Northwestern Guizhou.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 25-33 [Abstract] ( 73 ) RICH HTML PDF (20781 KB)  ( 173 )
34 Application of geophysical and geochemical exploration methods in Xilingchong Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit of Jinzhai County
ZHANG Luoyi, WANG Xirong, WANG Xuewu, QIAN Desong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.04
Xilingchong lead-zinc deposit in Jinzhai County is a newly discovered lead-zinc polymetallic deposit. In order to identify the deep geological characteristics, the authors conducted geological survey and high-precision magnetic measurement in the study area, and analyzed magnetic anomalies and characteristics of the geological body. The results show that the geological body delineated by the magnetic method in this area matched well with the actual surface position of the ore body, and the “five in one” judgment standard for mineral induced anomalies were established, including “structure+magmatic hydrothermal+lithology+geochemical exploration target area+high-precision magnetic survey”. Besides, the “program structure method” prospecting model was also setted up. Based on geological, geophysical and geochemical exploration, and known mineral deposits, three prospecting target areas have been delineated, which would provide useful information for similar mineral deposits searching in this area.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 34-40 [Abstract] ( 108 ) RICH HTML PDF (9297 KB)  ( 121 )
41 Important nonmetallic metallogenic tectonic setting and metallogenic series in Hebei Province
WANG Jing, WEN Yanxing, SONG Lijun, SONG Shujun, WANG Tianzi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.05
Nonmetallic mineral resources are abundant in Hebei Province, but comprehensive research on nonmetallic mineralization in Hebei Province is deficient. In this paper, the authors summarized the situation and distribution characteristics of nonmetallic deposits in Hebei province, and systematically carded the tectonic background and metallogenesis related with nonmetallic mineralization in the four periods of Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Middle Proterozoic-Middle Triassic, Late Triassic-Paleocene, and Eocene-Quaternary. According to the metallogenic series theory, the important nonmetallic minerals were divided into 6 groups and 9 subgroups. The results show that there are 5 explosive metallogenic periods of nonmetallic minerals in Hebei Province, including Paleoproterozoic, Middle Proterozoic, Early and Late Paleozoic, Yanshanian and Paleogene, and the main deposit types are metamorphic type, sedimentary type and continental volcanic rock type. Based on the characteristic metallogenic attributes of different tectonic units in different time periods, the favorable prospecting areas of different deposit types and ore species were pointed out. The uplift area of the land block is a favorable area for finding metamorphic minerals, such as graphite and broken mica. The depression area is a favorable area for finding sedimentary minerals such as limestone, sepiolite clay, and rock salt. The purpose of this paper is to promote the strategy of A new round of prospecting breakthrough in Hebei Province, and provide some references for the deployment of geological prospecting work in the future.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 41-53 [Abstract] ( 77 ) RICH HTML PDF (19642 KB)  ( 189 )
54 Application of natural-source surface wave exploration in Xiaobaozhuang iron deposit of Anhui Province
LU Xing, CUI Xianwen, TANG Zhengjiang, GAO Changsheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.06
In order to study the application effect of the natural-source surface wave exploration method in solid mineral exploration, especially in deep mineral exploration, the authors in this paper carried out study on the known exploration line of Xiaobaozhuang iron mine. The natural-source surface wave survey points were deployed in the linear way based on previous research, and a total of 32 survey points with a total length of 3 100 m were completed. The extended space autocorrelation method was used to obtain the dispersion curve of each measurement point, and shear wave velocity structure of the whole section was obtained by the inversion of dispersion curve and interpolation calculation. The stratigraphic structure and faults were divided according to the geological and borehole data. These exploration results were proven to be good, compared with the known data, indicating that the natural-source surface wave exploration method has a good application prospect, and the deep part of the study area has great prospecting potential.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 54-59 [Abstract] ( 72 ) RICH HTML PDF (7802 KB)  ( 109 )
60 Analysis of spatial heterogeneity of soil substrate in mountainous plain transition area: A case study of Eastern Yi County of Hebei Province
WANG Xian, LU Min, HOU Hongxing, SUN Xiao, WANG Haohao, QIAO Yanyi, LIU Yong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.07
Due to the early stage of current work on ground substrate investigation, and with current exploratory stage of multiple sections, the identification of the types and distribution of ground substrate is a basic task in ground substrate investigation work. In this paper, the authors investigated soil ground substrate in the mountainous plain transition area in Eastern Yi County of Hebei Province, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of soil ground substrate texture components (sand and clay). The content of the two components is determined to be a moderate variation, by classical statistics and geostatistics methods. The best fitted semi-variogram models are spherical models, which have a moderate degree of spatial autocorrelation within the corresponding range (7 km), thus the most reasonable sampling network size for the study area is determined to be 6.5 km2/point. Kriging interpolation was carried out for the two components to form a distribution pattern map of soil ground substrate in the study area. Based on this model, the characteristics and laws of spatial heterogeneity of soil ground substrate were summarized as follows: Sandy soil ground substrate appeared in areas with low elevation and gentle slope and close to rivers, and ground substrate of clay soil appeared in mountainous areas with high elevations and steep slopes, and away from rivers, affected by topographic factors such as elevation, slope, and distance from rivers. These achievements could provide a research foundation for the deployment and expression of the results in ground substrate survey work.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 60-66 [Abstract] ( 90 ) RICH HTML PDF (12603 KB)  ( 73 )
67 REE geochemical characteristics and geological significance of Silurian sandstone in Yongshun area of Northwestern Hunan
XIONG Miao, ZOU Guangjun, ZHANG Xiaoyang, LI Gang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.08
Affected by the collision between Cathaysian Plate and Yangtze Plate, the ancient uplifts around Upper Yangtze Sea area developed during the Silurian period, and the sediment sources in the study area were complex. In order to investigate the sedimentary environment of Silurian strata in Yongshun area of Northwestern Hunan, the authors in this paper studied the REE geochemical characteristics of Silurian sandstone in this area. The results show that the differentiation between LREE and HREE is obvious in samples, with rich LREE and flat HREE. Eu is of obviously negative anomaly, and Ce is normal. The palaeoenvironment of the Silurian period in the study area was anoxic and weak reduction environment, implied by Ceanom results. The geochemical characteristics of REE indicate that the sedimentary rate of the Silurian period in the study area is fast. Combined with structural features and achievements in palaeogeography of predecessors, the authors in this paper suggest that the provenance of the study area comes from the sedimentary rock in Xuefeng Mountain uplift, which can provide some reference for lithofacies paleogeography restoration of Silurian in Northwestern Hunan.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 67-74 [Abstract] ( 83 ) RICH HTML PDF (3718 KB)  ( 82 )
75 Tectonic facies classification and mineralization of Hebei Province
SONG Shujun, SONG Lijun, CHEN Zhinan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.09
The systematical division of tectonic facies can deepen the understanding of tectonic transformation between ocean and earth crust, and it is helpful to carry out mineralization prospects prediction and resource potential assessment. According to the basic characteristics of tectonic facies in Hebei Province, the tectonic facies are divided into 3 facies series, 5 macro-facies, 19 facies and several sub-facies. The authors in this paper discussed the relationship between tectonic facies and mineralization, and concluded that development and evaluation of mineralization was under a certain tectonic background, and different mineralization was constrained by tectonic environment. Tianshan-Ximeng orogenic system is mainly related to the variscan intrusive rocks, and the main ores are fluorite, with scattered beryllium, tungsten and lead-zinc. North China Craton is an important metallogenic facy, which contains iron deposits related to the banded iron formation of BIF, gold deposits related to the granite-greenstone belt, and the sedimentary metamorphic iron, talc, magnesite and graphite related to paleo-island arc subfacies. Themetallogenesis of orogenic-rift facies series in Eastern China is related to volcanic, sedimentary and intrusive lithofacies, and is dominated by contact metasomatic iron (copper), porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits and magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits, with lead-zinc mine, manganese silver mine, coal and so on. This research could provide background material of metallogenic geological environment and evaluation stage for tectonic setting and evaluation process in the study area, and geological formation and metallotectonics characteristics of different minerals in metallogeny and mineral prediction.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 75-83 [Abstract] ( 109 ) RICH HTML PDF (9164 KB)  ( 243 )
84 Classification system investigation of marine natural resources
CHEN Bin, WANG Milei, ZOU Liang, XUE Biying, QIU Jiandong, HU Rui, YUE Baojing, XU Gang, LIN Xi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.10
Systematic and scientific classification of marine natural resources is a basic requirement of marine natural resources management and comprehensive investigation, an important working means to improve the classification system of natural resources in China, and a theoretical basis for the Ministry of Natural Resources to manage the whole national natural resources. In this paper, the authors summarized the classifications of natural resources at home and abroad. Based on China’s fundamental realities, the authors take both natural resources science and earth system science theory as guidance and integrated management of natural resources as basic principle to propose a three-level classification system of marine natural resources involving multiple disciplines and categories, based on natural properties of resources and relevant national laws and regulations. 6 first-class, 27 second-class and 27 third-class are divided in this classification system. In the view of the contents and basic requirements of the comprehensive survey of marine natural resources, the authors proposed the relevant work suggestions based on the classification system, which provide theoretical support for ecological civilization construction and high-quality development of marine economy.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 84-94 [Abstract] ( 90 ) RICH HTML PDF (2065 KB)  ( 253 )
95 Analysis of groundwater occurrence characteristics and water environment issues in Myanmar
BI Benteng, XU Qi, YANG Chen
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.11
Under the general requirement of highlighting the concept of ecological civilization during international cooperation in construction, China and Myanmar are facing challenges in jointly promoting infrastructure development, such as low water resources carrying capacity, weak foundation of groundwater development and environmental protection. The authors in this paper systematically analyzed the groundwater occurrence conditions and groundwater environmental issues in different hydrogeological units in Myanmar, and revealed uneven potential for groundwater resources development and utilization in different regions of Myanmar. In the central plateau, alluvial and Ayeyarwady Group aquifers have high groundwater potentiality, while Pegu Group and Eocene aquifers have certain potentiality in groundwater utilization. In the eastern highland region, the hydrogeological conditions of karst groundwater are complex and difficult to develop and utilize. In the western, southeastern coastal and delta regions, the groundwater exploitation is severely limited by environmental groundwater problems such as high salinity and arsenic content. This research contributes to a systematic understanding of the hydrogeological conditions across Myanmar and provides scientific basis for promoting rational planning and exploitation of groundwater resources in Myanmar.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 95-101 [Abstract] ( 80 ) RICH HTML PDF (6874 KB)  ( 90 )
102 Prediction model for the landslide movement distance induced by earthquake based on the reliability theory
YANG Mingyu, CHEN Hongqi, Qi Xiaobo, ZOU Zongshan, WANG Guangbing, LIU Hongyan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.12
The landslide movement distance is an important index to evaluate the scope of landslide hazard, therefore its prediction method is always being concerned. The actual landslide movement distance often has a strong randomness, but a deterministic calculation formula is offered in current prediction models without the consideration of the randomness. Based on this situation, Firstly, the theoretical model for the landslide movement distance proposed by predecessors was analyzed, and the landslide movement distance is mainly positively correlated with the landslide volume V and elevation H. Then, the authors proposed the general functional relation for the landslide movement distance. Secondly, based on 46 landslide cases induced by “5·12” Wenchuan Earthquake, the correlation analysis of the main factors affecting the landslide movement distance was carried out. It is concluded that the landslide volume V, elevation H and their combination VH have significant influence on the landslide movement distance, and the multiple regression statistical model for the landslide movement distance was established. Finally, the statistical model for the landslide movement distance based on the reliability theory was put forward, according to different engineering importance. The calculation example shows that the higher the confidence is, the larger the predicted range of the landslide movement distance will be, with the higher the relocation and protection cost. Therefore, a reasonable degree of confidence should be chosen according to the actual situation. This study is helpful to further optimize the statistical model for the prediction of the landslide movement distance, and then provides reliable evidence for landslide disaster evaluation and control.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 102-109 [Abstract] ( 74 ) RICH HTML PDF (1332 KB)  ( 231 )
110 Surface deformation monitoring of Saige Tower in Shenzhen based on SBAS Technology
YAO Jianqun, WU Yang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.13
Saige Tower in Futian District of Shenzhen City shaked abnormally on May 18, 2021. Due to the center location of the building in the city, the consequences would be unimaginable, once there was an accident. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the building settlement and evaluate its risk. In this paper, the authors monitored the surface deformation of Saige Tower and its surrounding areas using 29 Sentinel-1A data from May 2019 to April 2021, based on Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology. The results show that the cumulative maximum settlement of the building was -2.00 mm in August 2019, and the maximum uplift was+2.02 mm in October 2020. The overall deformation is relatively stable, and the deformation of Saige Tower fluctuates slightly within 0.4mm without settlement or uplift, especially from January 2021 to April 2021. This judgment is not only consistent with the geological conditions of the site, but also consistent with the monitoring results of multi professional institutions.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 110-116 [Abstract] ( 77 ) RICH HTML PDF (24895 KB)  ( 65 )
117 Research progress and prospect of environmental geochemical investigation of persistent organic pollutants
MA Jiabao, LIU Siwen, WEI Jixin, HUANG Yi, MA Chenge
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.14
The environmental geochemical survey of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an important mean to study and master its chemical properties, migration, transformation and environmental fate. Three inclusions were summarized based on the research progress of environmental geochemical investigation and research of POPs in recent years. ① POPs generally have characteristic of environmental refractory, long-distance migration, bioaccumulation and high biological toxicity, and the concentration data of POPs have been widely reported in different environmental media around the world. The POPs have become an important risk that endangers ecosystems and human health, with the historical accumulation and continuous release. According to the existing survey and monitoring data, the concentration levels of POPs from test samples of partial water bodies and soil are currently high in China. ② POPs can migrate among different environmental interfaces such as atmosphere-water-sediment or atmosphere-soil, then it can contaminate ground water and migrate to every corner of the surface system. This migration and transformation are closely related to the composition of POPs and the physical and chemical properties, temperature, pH and other factors of the environmental medium. ③ there is a short of continuous and systematic investigation and monitoring about some types of POPs in environmental media such as the atmosphere, water bodies, sediment, and soil, the relevant institutions in China, which results in difficult systematic analysis and research on the pollution levels and long-term changes of POPs. It is suggested that the long-term dynamic monitoring of the atmosphere soil water interface should be strengthened and the monitoring and analysis methods, standards and methods of POPs should be improved. The systematic environmental geochemical comprehensive analysis and research also should be carried out to provide theoretical and practical support for the implementation of environmental pollution prevention and ecological restoration.
2023 Vol. 10 (3): 117-130 [Abstract] ( 112 ) RICH HTML PDF (8164 KB)  ( 132 )
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