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2023 Vol. 10, No. 6
Published: 2023-12-20
 
1 Progress of investigation and research on public welfare shale gas in Southern China
BAO Shujing, CHEN Ke, ZHOU Zhi, YU Qian, CHEN Xiaohong, LI Shizhen, LIU Wei, YUAN Kun, DAN Yong, FENG Xingqiang, ZHOU Daorong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.01
Led by the Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center of China Geological Survey from 2019 to 2021, the “Southern Shale Gas Geological Survey Project” is focused on the strategic discovery and breakthrough of oil and gas investigation in four new areas of “new areas, new layers, new types and new understandings” and promotion of a new creation pattern of shale gas exploration and development. According to the principles of overall deployment, step by step implementation, point breakthrough and surface evaluation, the authors in this research carried out the geological investigation and evaluation of shale gas in complex structural areas in Southern China. A number of shale gas potential areas and favorable areas have been delineated and selected, and two-dimensional seismic, parametric well and fracturing gas test projects have been deployed and implemented, which has achieved a major breakthrough and discovery of new layer shale gas in New Area of upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and completed shale gas resource potential evaluation in key areas such as Yaziluo Taphrogenic Trough, Wanjiang and Southwestern Sichuan. These achievements have greatly boosted the confidence of shale gas exploration in the complex structural areas of Southern China, and promoted the deep integration of oil and gas geological investigation and scientific-technological innovation. Besides, the new understanding of shale gas accumulation theory and the new investigation and evaluation technology innovatively formed, and the leading and driving role in public welfare oil and gas resource investigation were also exerted.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 42 ) RICH HTML PDF (12603 KB)  ( 63 )
13 Characteristics and implication of Weiboshan rare metal mineralization belt in Beishan area of Inner Mongolia
HU Erhong, KANG Jianfei, HU Yuchao, SUN Hao, HOU Yong, SU Bin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.02
Rare metal is important strategic mineral resource in China, and it has a wide application space in the fields of national economic construction, national defense science and technology. In recent years, three large-scale Rb-Nb-Ta rare metal mineralization belts have been newly discovered in Beishan Weiboshan rare metal mineralization belt zone in Beishan area of Inner Mongolia through geological survey, high-precision ground magnetic survey and soil geochemical survey methods. On the basis of preliminary investigation on geological characteristics and genesis of Weiboshan tantalum niobium rubidium mineralization belt, the researchers in this paper identified that the mineralization belts were in the albite and muscovite granite pegmatite vein group, with a length of 800~3 200 m, a width of 5~30 m and NWW strike. The grade of Ta2O5 is 0.003 6%~0.021 0%, and the grade of Nb2O5 is 0.009 4%~0.011 0%. Besides, the Rb2O grade is 0.046%~0.210%, indicating a medium-large metallogenic prospect. Weiboshan rare metal mineralization belt is the first discovered rare metal mineralization belt of granite pegmatite type in Beishan area of Inner Mongolia, and the prospecting work shows that Beishan mineralization belt has good rare metal resource potential, which has guiding significance for regional prospecting. And the systematic exploration and further research should be strengthened.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 13-24 [Abstract] ( 49 ) RICH HTML PDF (7596 KB)  ( 50 )
25 Gas bearing and compressibility evaluation of shale reservoir in Dawuba Formation of Qianshuidi 1 Well in Guizhong-Nanpanjiang area
GUO Jun, YUAN Kun, GUO Jingwei, CHEN Xianglin, LI Yan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.03
The stable shale gas flow was obtained during vertical well drilling of Qianshuidi 1 Well in Guizhong-Nanpanjiang area, meaning the good marine shale gas was discovered in Carboniferous Dawuba Formation. Based on the drilling, logging, well logging, analysis and testing data, the authors in this paper comprehensively studied the lithofacies, organic geochemistry, physical properties, fracture development and gas bearing of Dawuba Formation shale reservoir, and explained the gas bearing and compressibility of shale reservoir in the study area. The results show that: ① Dawuba Formation consists of a set of huge thick shale system which is from the lower slope subfacies of carbonate slope facies to the huge thick shale series of platform basin facies, and Good to high-quality source rock are well developed in the middle lower part of the third member and the upper part of the first member, with developed natural fractures. The maximum value of total hydrocarbon in gas logging is 63.41%, and the average value of desorption gas is 1.08 m3/t, with good shale gas generation conditions and resource potential. ② The total content of brittle minerals in the main gas bearing intervals is 31%~94%, and the average Poisson's ratio is 0.31. The average bulk modulus of elasticity is 27.2 GPa, and the fracture pressure is between 29.7 MPa and 48.5 MPa. This set of strata has good fracture potential and fracture retention ability, which means the complex fracture networks would be easily formed under large-scale volumetric fracture. Besides, the set of strata has high pressure and meets the conditions for fracturing to form industrial production capacity, making it a target layer for further exploration and development.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 25-30 [Abstract] ( 34 ) RICH HTML PDF (3086 KB)  ( 26 )
31 Application of iterative low-frequency model in inversion under strong reflection background
LIU Bo, WANG Rui, XU Gang, CHEN Baiping
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2022.06.04
The accuracy of reservoir prediction affects the economy of oil and gas exploration and development, and the low-frequency model method is one of the effective methods to improve the prediction accuracy of reservoir inversion under complex geological background. In order to remove the influence of special geological interfaces in the study area on reservoir inversion, the authors in this paper put forward a low-frequency model construction method to suppress the side-lobe interference of seismic data caused by strong reflection in limestone fracture-cave reservoir. Based on the seismic data obtained from the forward wave equation algorithm, and the low-frequency model is iterated for inversion and the side-lobe interference is gradually suppressed, which finally makes the inversion to be consistent with the geological model. The low-frequency model iteration method proposed in this paper is suitable for the fine characterization of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir, and provides reasonable elastic parameters for quantitative interpretation of reservoir, which has strong practical significance in the prediction of Ordovician fracture-vuggy reservoir.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 31-38 [Abstract] ( 26 ) RICH HTML PDF (4496 KB)  ( 24 )
39 REE enrichment characteristics in the lower part of Upper Permian Longtan Formation in Xingwen area of Southern Sichuan Province
HE Yangpiao, LIANG Bin, HAO Xuefeng, TANG Yi, FU Xiaofang, PENG Yu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.05
Upper Permian Longtan Formation clay rocks, which are related to the weathering of Permian Emei basalt, are widely distributed in the middle zone and outer zone of Emei Large Igneous Province of Southern Sichuan, and they have geological background and metallogenic conditions for the formation of rare earth and other critical metal mineral resources. A systematic geological survey has been carried out in the lower part of Upper Permian kaolinitic clayston Longtan Formation in Changning anticline, and REE content in clay rocks was analyzed. The results show that the types of clay rocks (ore) include kaolinite clay rocks, pyrite bearing kaolinite clay rocks and carbonaceous kaolinite clay rocks. The content of ω(TRE2O3) in clay rock samples ranges from 0.031% to 0.409% (with average of 0.098%), and the mineralization coefficient is 0.61~8.19, with the mineralization rate up to 85%, indicating good prospecting potential. The REE content and mineralization coefficient are the highest in pyrite bearing kaolinite clay rocks, which are the main lithologic assemblages for REE enrichment. The samples are LREE enrichment type, with moderate negative Eu anomalies and weak positive Ce anomalies. The stratigraphic contact and rare earth elements characteristics indicate that the source materials are mainly from Emei basalts, and a small amount of medium-acid rocks in Emei Large Igneous Province. The enrichment process of rare earth elements includes the initial enrichment formed by Emei basalt weathering, and further migration, adsorption and precipitation of rare earth elements under the oxidation-reduction environment of sea and land interaction, and then the enrichment and mineralization. The discovery of the enrichment of rare earth elements in the clay rocks of the lower part of Longtan Formation in Xingan area has guiding significance for the strategic prospecting.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 39-49 [Abstract] ( 31 ) RICH HTML PDF (4010 KB)  ( 36 )
50 Weathering degree determination of volcanic rocks: A case study of Late Permian ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts in Western Guizhou Province
LIU Decheng, WANG Weidong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.06
The chemical weathering index, which is sensitive to the response of rock weathering intensity, is an important parameter for quantitatively evaluating the degree of rock weathering. The advantages and limitations of 12 chemical weathering indicators were reviewed in this paper, including the weathering index of Parker (WIP), weathering potential index (WPI), and chemical index of alteration (CIA), which were considered suitable for determining the weathering degree of magmatic rocks in previous studies. The rock oxidation factor Xo(Xo=Fe2O3/(FeO+Fe2O3) was introduced to evaluate the weathering degree of volcanic rocks, and it was also used to evaluate the applicability of 12 chemical weathering indicators for analyzing the weathering of ultrabasic and basic rocks. In the practical application of Late Permian ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts in Western Guizhou Province, the lower limits for the unweathered ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts were Xo≤0.44 and Xo≤0.55. Based on the qualitative analysis results, these two types of rocks were divided into fresh rocks, slightly weathered rocks, moderately weathered rocks, strongly weathered rocks, and completely weathered rocks according to the degree of weathering. The scattered intersection results of Xo and 12 chemical weathering indicators show that BWI, A-FM, and LOI are not only suitable for evaluating the weathering degree of ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts in the early stage of weathering, but also suitable for evaluating the weathering degree of ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts in the middle and late stages of weathering. The other 9 indicators are only sensitive to response of results weathering degree of ultrabasic rocks and basic basalts in the middle and late stages of weathering. This research could provide new ideas and methods for engineering geological investigation and exploration, potential geological hazard evaluation, and prevention and control of geological hazard in ultrabasic and basic basalt rock areas, and provide guidance for the evaluation of rock weathering degree in similar rock areas.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 68 ) RICH HTML PDF (2915 KB)  ( 41 )
60 Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism analysis of shallow groundwater in the northern hilly region of Ganzhou
YANG Yanlin, JING Jing, QI Xing, SHAO Changsheng, WANG Xiaohan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.07
Groundwater is the principle life water source for residents in northern hilly region of Ganzhou, and it is of great scientific value to conduct the investigation of hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in this area. Fifty three samples of groundwater in different water-bearing formation were collected in the northern area in 2018, covering areas of 460 km2. Based on statistical analysis, Piper diagram, spatial analysis and ion ratio, the authors discussed hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism. The results show the pH of shallow groundwater is between 5.08 and 7.87 and TDS is between 16.5 mg/L and 375.7 mg/L, representing weakly acidic fresh water. The cations are mainly Ca2+, and the anions are mainly HCO3-. The chemical types of shallow groundwater are mainly HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+, and the water-rock interaction, cation exchange and human activities are the main factors affecting the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in this area. This research would provide some reference for groundwater protection, management and development.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 60-68 [Abstract] ( 35 ) RICH HTML PDF (6701 KB)  ( 48 )
69 Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of sunface soil selenium content in typical agricultural areas of Qinzhou in Guangxi
YAN Kun, YANG Yuanzhen, LI Wei
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.08
In order to analyze the content level and spatial distribution characteristics of selenium in the surface soil of typical areas in Qinzhou of Guangxi, and the influencing factors of selenium content distribution, and provide scientific basis for the planning and utilization of selenium rich land, the authors in this paper collected 348 surface soil samples from Xinguang Farm to discuss the impact of different factors on the distribution of selenium element, through multiple statistical analysis, cold and hot spot analysis, geographic detectors. The results Xinguang show that selenium content in the surface soil of the study area was 0.07-2.56 mg/kg, with an average value of 0.91 mg/kg, and 89.38% of the samples met the selenium enrichment standard. The spatial distribution of soil selenium content was aggregated, and the hot spots were mainly located in the western and northwestern part of the study area. The statistical analysis shows that soil derived from Devonian carbonate rocks and clastic rocks has higher selenium content, and there is a significant correlation between Al2O3, Fe2O3 and selenium content. Al2O3, Fe2O3, soil parent material, and organic matter content have strong explanatory power for the spatial variability of selenium content, by geodetector analysis. The comprehensive analysis shows that parent material and soil physicochemical property are the main factors affecting the distribution of soil selenium content. This research has good reference value for the investigation and utilization of selenium rich land in Qinzhou.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 38 ) RICH HTML PDF (3278 KB)  ( 49 )
77 Testing results comparison between laser method and comprehensive method for sediment grain size in Caofeidian of Bohai Sea
ZENG Jiao, PANG Guotao, FENG Yongcai, GUO Xujun, LIU Xiaodan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.09
Laser method and comprehensive method (pipette method-sieve method) are commonly used to test the sediment grain size characteristics. Due to the differences in testing principles and analysis processes, the test results obtained by these two methods for the same sample are often not completely consistent. In order to explore the commonalities, differences, and correlations between the two methods, and establish a conversion relationship between the results by laser method and comprehensive method suitable for this sea, the authors in this research compared testing results by these two methods from 49 sediment samples in Caofeidian. The results show that: ① Sand content measured by laser method and comprehensive method is roughly equal. And silt content measured by laser method is generally higher than the result by comprehensive method, and the clay content measured by laser method is generally lower than the result by comprehensive method. ② The difference between laser method and pipette method mainly occurs at 10φ, and the clay content by comprehensive method significantly increased. The difference between laser method and sieve analysis method mainly occurred in the coarse end grain, and the coarse end grain content is generally higher measured by laser method. ③ The correlation between laser method and comprehensive method in grain size parameter regression analysis gradually decreases as the grain size decreases. The slope and intercept of the gran size parameter regression equation also do not have a unified conversion relationship with previous research results. It is found that laser method is feasible in measuring the grain size characteristics of sediments, and a data conversion model was established between laser method and comprehensive method in Caofeidian. The data results obtained by these two methods can be converted to each other with a grain size range of [-1, 4]φ. The difference of grain size characteristics by laser method and comprehensive method is clarified, which can be used as a reference for the measurement of grain size characteristics of sediments and a improvement of testing methods and procedures.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 77-87 [Abstract] ( 35 ) RICH HTML PDF (4819 KB)  ( 22 )
88 Disaster mechanism analysis and stability evaluation of shallow bedding landslide
ZHU Tao, ZHAI Yafeng, ZHAI Huijun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.10
In order to accurately grasp the formation mechanism of shallow bedding landslides and reasonably evaluate their stability, the authors in this article first conduct an analysis of their formation mechanism based on the geological conditions of the landslide, and then use the transfer coefficient method and deformation prediction model to carry out the current situation evaluation and prediction evaluation of landslide stability. Example analysis showed that there were relatively many influencing factors for shallow bedding landslide, and they were easily affected by external disturbances due to the thin thickness of the sliding body of shallow landslide. Therefore, shallow bedding landslide was highly sensitive to various factors. In the evaluation results of landslide stability status quo, the stability coefficient under natural condition was 1.21, with stable status, the stability coefficient under rainstorm condition was 1.02, with unstable status. and the stability coefficient under earthquake condition was 1.09, with basically stable status. In the landslide stability prediction and evaluation results, the deformation prediction rates at each monitoring point of the landslide were higher than the existing deformation rates to some extent, indicating that the cumulative deformation of the landslide would continue to accelerate in the future. The results also indicate that the landslide stability tend to weaken after this monitoring period, and it is necessary to carry out landslide prevention and control research as soon as possible. The study results could provide certain theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of shallow bedding landslide disaster.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 88-94 [Abstract] ( 35 ) RICH HTML PDF (1937 KB)  ( 40 )
95 Emergency decision method of regional environmental emergencies based on gridding logistic regression model
FENG Shoujuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.11
In view of the high uncertainty, complex emergency decision-making scheme and high implementation cost of environmental emergencies, the authors in this research proposed a emergency decision method for regional environmental emergencies based on grid logistic regression model. The Delphi method is used to select the impact variables of regional environmental emergencies, and a probability calculation model of regional environmental emergencies based on logistic regression model is constructed, with the variables as input. The study area was divided into cell forms, and the regional grades were divided to define the scope of the safety area. Under multiple constraints, the objective function was obtained by using the ant colony algorithm, and the optimal evacuation route was obtained to complete the emergency decision scheme design. The experimental results show that this research method is effective for environmental emergencies, and the duration between model establishment and people evacuation is about half an hour. This short time-consuming means the emergency decision is effective for regional environmental emergencies, which would ensure the safety of personnel and property. This research has guiding significance for the prevention and control of regional environmental emergencies.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 95-100 [Abstract] ( 35 ) RICH HTML PDF (2616 KB)  ( 61 )
101 Research on the development law and susceptibility evaluation of geological disasters in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City in Hunan Province
GONG Shuhua, LI Shaoqing, WANG Huanyin, WANG Keying, CAI Ningbo, DU Jiang
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.12
The complex geological structure in Zhangjiajie City has led to its unique landform landscape, meanwhice it has also posed numerous geological hazard risks. By analyzing detailed geological hazard investigation data of Yongding District from 2014 to 2022, the authors in this paper have studied its developmental patterns and susceptibility of geological hazards. The results indicate that landslide is the primary type of geological hazard in the area. Geological hazards are spatially most prevalent in the central fault zone and the northeastern shale formation zone, and they are temporally relatively concentrated during the rainy season in May, June and July. Geological hazards in this area are closely related to landform characteristics, lithology, and tectonic activities, and they are also influenced by rainfall and human engineering activities. The density of hazard points is highest in the debris hill landform, and the susceptibility of hazard points is highest in Silurian sandy shale formation. Besides, the geological hazards are significantly influenced by tectonics, with hazard points densely concentrated in fold and thrust structures. The high incidence period of hazards is coupled with the rainy season, and the main triggering factor is rainfall. And the unreasonable engineering activities, such as slope cutting for houses and roads construction, exacerbate the occurrence of geological hazards. By using the susceptibility index method and based on ArcGIS information statistics analysis, the authors in this paper have divided the susceptibility of geological hazards in the entire area into high, moderate, and low susceptibility zones. This study could provide guidance for land spatial planning, geological hazard prevention and control, and planning for tourism routes and major engineering construction in Yongding District.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 101-110 [Abstract] ( 33 ) RICH HTML PDF (6994 KB)  ( 41 )
111 Ecological assessment in Bayan-Fangzheng area of Harbin based on remote sensing method
CHEN Zhuo, LIU Tao, DUAN Mingxin, SONG Haonan, ZHAO Xidong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.13
Conducting ecological assessment would help understanding the ecological conditions. In this paper, Bayan-Fangzheng area of Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province was chosen as the study area. Based on Landsat 8 satellite remote sensing data in September 2019, the authors extracted the surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), brightness and humidity of 3 counties in this area, and then classified the ecological condition as excellent, good, moderate, acceptable and poor using remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). Finally, forest-grass land, construction land, dry farm, and paddy field were classified on the basis of GlobeLand 30 data in 2020 and visual interpretation, and ecological condition of each county and land cover were assessed and spatially analyzed. Results showed that the ecological condition for each county was identical and generally good, and the excellent, good and moderate region accounted for nearly 96% of the total area. The ecological condition varied between different land covers, with forest-grass land being excellent and good, construction land being moderate and acceptable, and paddy field being good and moderate. The understanding on the ecological condition was preliminarily revealed in Bayan-Fangzheng area from this research, which could provide valuable data for green development.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 111-119 [Abstract] ( 54 ) RICH HTML PDF (4525 KB)  ( 67 )
120 Study on Geological Survey+ economic development model in Wumeng Mountainous area: A case study of Zhaojue County
ZHOU Changsong, LI Jun, ZOU Shengzhang, LIN Yongsheng, LU Li, FAN Lianjie, WANG Jia, WU Shucheng
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.06.14
A thorough and systematic summary of the geological survey work and a scientific revelation of the characteristics and connotations of the Geological Survey+ economic development model has become one of the important contents of the current geological survey work in Zhaojue County. Based on the investigation and evaluation of the regional background conditions and resource and environmental conditions in Zhaojue County, and the principles of stratigraphic lithology and geomorphological types, the authors selected five typical areas of Zhaojue County to study the water resource development and economic development models. Five typical water resource development and economic development models were established, including “intermountain basin in clastic rock area” “intermountain basin in basalt area” “low and mid-mountain valley of erosion in clastic rock area” “middle and low mountain canyon of erosion and dissolution in carbonate rock area” and “Zhongshan valley of erosion in multiple lithology combination”. On this basis, combined with factors such as stratigraphic lithology, topography, water resource development and utilization, and economic development practice, the authors established the Geological Survey+ economic development model of Zhaojue County, and provided the specific construction path of the model (BOMP path). The BOMP path includes basis of geological and hydrogeological survey, guidance of economic development needs for the city, the main content of identifying resource and environmental endowments-determining production based on comprehensive conditions and scientific allocation of water resources- promoting production through water and efficient utilization of natural resources - promoting production through resources and utilizing policies effectively - with market driven development, and the main goal of promoting sustainable social development. The research results could provide new solutions and approaches for the economic development of underdeveloped ethnic areas and remote areas in central and western regions.
2023 Vol. 10 (6): 120-130 [Abstract] ( 47 ) RICH HTML PDF (11508 KB)  ( 32 )
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