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2020 Vol. 7, No. 2
Published: 2020-04-20
 
1 Main progresses and achievements of geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China
TIE Yongbo, XU Yong, ZHANG Yong, WEI Yunjie, YANG Xiuyuan, ZHANG Taili, TAN Jianmin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.01
The quantity distribution of geological hazards in hilly area of southern China accounts for about 57% of nationwide geological hazards. The complex geological conditions and induced factors have greatly restricted the ability of local governments to identify and monitor geological hazards in the early stage, which have an impact on the infrastructure, life and property safety and implementation of national major strategic projects. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to enhance the rule recognition of geological hazards distribution and development and the ability of prevention and treatment in hilly area of southern China. In order to meet the disaster prevention and mitigation needs of the national major strategic projects implementation, China Geological Survey has deployed the Geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China. The support of the national and local disaster prevention and mitigation needs was taken as the project guide, and “Creating the technology, methods and standards” was taken as the project target. Based on the space-sky-ground integrated survey technology, the project team carried out the investigation and application for the early identification, detection and alert, risk assessment, and disaster prevention and mitigation methods of geological hazards, which lead and guide the geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China. Through the survey in 2019, the authors have a preliminary recognition of the types, distribution rule, hazard level and mechanism of geological hazards in hilly area of southern China, which provides an important basis for the research and evaluation of regional geological hazards. The geological hazards survey results provide effective service for the planning and construction of the national major strategic projects. In the Sichuan-Tibet railway construction, these survey results provided geological comprehensive evaluation suggestion for the station site selection, and the potential landslide hazards were successfully identified, which provided an important geological basis for design changes of the extra-large bridge. The project results served the construction of automated monitoring and early warning system of geological hazards in Wumeng mountainous area and Ganzhou area, which can effectively improve the efficiency and level of disaster prevention and mitigation for local government. The project team promptly cooperated Ministry of Natural Resources for the emergency rescue of major disastrous geological hazards, such as Baige landslide of Jinsha River, Yibin earthquake, Yongjia landslide of Zhejiang Province, and provided effective technical support. During the flood season, the project team carried out more than 20 geological hazards emergency survey for local governments in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province, which played an important role for the regional security in the flood season. The project team carried out the multiform activities to popularize scientific knowledge about geological hazards, which improve the demotic knowledge level of geological hazards.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 440 ) RICH HTML PDF (23712 KB)  ( 194 )
13 Characteristics and influencing factors of shale oil reservoir: A case study of Luojia area in Zhanhua sag
JIA Shen, JIANG Zaixing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.02
In order to find out the characteristics and influencing factors of shale oil reservoir in the lower third member of Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Luojia area of Zhanhua sag, the authors studied the lithology, space type, influencing factors and evaluation parameters of shale oil reservoir by comprehensive analysis of cores, thin sections, SEM and so on. The results show that mineral composition and sedimentary structure are two important factors, based on which the shale oil reservoir can be divided into seven types. The reservoir space of different lithological types varies greatly. Laminated argillaceous limestone and limestone reservoirs were mostly developed, and laminated gray mudstone reservoirs were relatively developed, followed by massive mudstone. The massive argillaceous limestone, massive grey mudstone and laminated siltstone reservoirs were less developed. The reservoir space of shale oil reservoir in the study area was mainly influenced by mineral composition, sedimentary structure, organic matter content and occurrence mode as well as diagenesis. On this basis, calcite content, laminar structure, TOC content, Ro and porosity were selected as evaluation parameters and the shale reservoir in Luojia area of Zhanhua sag was classified into three types: high quality reservoir, favorable reservoir and unfavorable reservoir.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 13-20 [Abstract] ( 403 ) RICH HTML PDF (17056 KB)  ( 165 )
21 Occurrence rules and resource estimation of shallow geothermal energy in Guanzhong Basin
ZHOU Yang, HONG Zenglin, ZHANG Hui, CAO Xiaofan, MU Genxu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.03
This paper analyzes the exploitation and utilization as well as the occurrence and formation pattern of geothermal energy in Guanzhong Basin through field investigation and indoor analysis. The resources were also estimated, and different geomorphic units and the characteristics of thermal properties of rocks and soils with different lithology were also summarized, with the calculation of the depth of the constant temperature layer and the earth heat flow values in the shallow layers. The formation patterns of geothermal energy in Guanzhong Basin are mainly thermal conduction type and thermal convection type. The thermal conductivity geothermal resources are mainly distributed in intact geological blocks such as Xi’an sag and Gushi sag, while the thermal convection geothermal resources are mainly distributed in areas where deep faults directly communicate with the surface and in the vicinity of the fault zone. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process was applied in the suitability division of shallow geothermal energy in Guanzhong Basin. It is considered that Guanzhong Basin is basically suitable or less suitable for buried tube ground-source heat pump system. While the suitable and less suitable area of groundwater ground-source heat pump system is mainly distributed in the central floodplain and the terrace area of the basin. According to heat storage method, the heat capacity of shallow geothermal energy in Guanzhong Basin is 1.38×1016 kJ/℃. The results show that the shallow geothermal reserves in Guanzhong Basin are huge and the development prospects are excellent.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 438 ) RICH HTML PDF (10460 KB)  ( 164 )
30 Geochemical characteristics and evaluation of Nb and Ta deposits in Nianzishan area of Heilongjiang Province
ZHANG Jianfeng, WAN Taiping, LI Xinpeng, YANG Wenpeng, ZHAO Zhonghai, XU Donghai
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.04
In order to improve the geochemical research degree of Nb and Ta deposits in Nianzishan area, the authors conducted 1:10 000 soil geochemical survey to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of geochemical element content, single element exception and comprehensive anomaly in the study area. The results show that Nb, Ta and other elements in Nizishan area belong to high background field and are unevenly distributed in the soil, which may result in the local enrichment of ore deposits. By R-type clustering analysis, these 18 elements were divided into three groups of precious and non-ferrous metal elements, rare and rare earth elements, and dispersed elements, which reflects the clustering and combination characteristics of normal granite elements, indicating that Nb and Ta minerals are closely related to granite bodies. In the study area, 521 single element anomalies and 12 composite anomalies were identified. Among these anomalies, three composite anomalies, Nian-2012-Ht-2, Nian -2012-Ht-7 and Nian -2012-Ht-11, were the key anomalies with great metallogenic potential. Three low-grade Nb and Ta ore bodies and 11 Nb and Ta mineralized bodies were found in the Early Cretaceous alkaline granite and syenogranite after trenching and drilling engineering verification.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 30-38 [Abstract] ( 472 ) RICH HTML PDF (14233 KB)  ( 160 )
39 Research of electrical characteristics and prospecting rules of gold deposit in Wanrendong area of Guizhou Province
ZHANG Xijun, MENG Yinghua, LIU Jun, QU Niannian, LI Jiabin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.05
In order to explore the regularity between Wanrendong gold deposit and geophysical electrical characteristics and expand thoughts for Wanrendong gold deposit prospecting, the authors comprehensively investigated the electrical structural characteristics of Wanrendong gold mine area, through the introduction of geological and physical characteristics of Wanrendong gold deposit, as well as the CSAMT (controlled source audio magnetotelluric method) basic theory and the transitivity measurement work. The spatial distribution characteristics of gold deposit-related geologic body, structure, and alteration was identified, and the prospecting geophysical rules of gold deposit were summarized in this paper. The gold deposit was mostly distributed in the geophysical low resistance anomaly areas, or transition areas between high resistance and low resistance. This method proved to be effective and dependable after later borehole certification. These achievements could provide geophysical exploration method of gold-prospecting for Wamrendong gold deposit area or similar areas.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 39-44 [Abstract] ( 402 ) RICH HTML PDF (6781 KB)  ( 194 )
45 New recognition of Mesozoic intrusive rocks in Shanxi Province
ZHANG Yusheng, LI Jianrong, ZHANG Cheng, SUN Hua, LIU Weidong, HOU Donghong, MAO Yongdong, SUN Jie
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.06
Mesozoic intrusive rocks in Shanxi Province were divided into three magma series according to the regional geological survey, which were alkaline- subalkaline series, subalkaline (base-)—medium acid series, type A-granite (acid) series. Alkaline-subalkaline series were formed in the post-collision tectonic environment. Subalkaline (base-)—medium acid series were formed in continental island arc, continental edge arc and post-mountain tectonic environment. Type A-granite (acid) series were formed in the construction environment of in rift valley in the plate subduction or the mantle hotspots (mantle plume), and the heat and aqueous solution was provided by the plate subduction. The geotectonic division belongs to the tectonic magma provinces in North China Craton, including three magma belts (Grade II), which are southern Xingmeng magma belt, northern Qinling Mountains magma belt and eastern North China magma belt. Each magma belt can be divided into two subzones ( Stage 2 Magma Action) (Grade Ⅲ), and each subzone has the characters of igneous rocks in the plate subduction zone and the evolution polarity. This achievement can provide some reference for landing problems of the plate structure.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 45-57 [Abstract] ( 384 ) RICH HTML PDF (15189 KB)  ( 199 )
58 Grain size characteristics and sedimentary environment analysis of flysch in Langjiexue Group of Tibet
ZHANG Liguo, WANG Jingui, WANG Shuo, YANG Xinpeng, CHENG Zhou, HOU Dehua, CHEN Yuanyuan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.07
Langjiexue Group is an important part of the stratigraphic sequence of the ocean plate in Yalu Tsangpo River junction zone, and its formation environment is of great significance to the Neo-Tethys tectonic movement. The authors have systematically summarized the characteristics of rock assemblage and tectonic deformation in this paper. And four basic sequences have been established by recognizing Bauma sequence. According to the analysis of material composition, structure and sequence, it is considered that the submarine fan facies model is developed in this area, which belongs to turbidite fan especially inner-outer fan subfacies environment as a whole. A small part of the main channel of subfacies of the sand conglomerate sedimentation was developed, with the transition of Bauma sequence from A, C member to B, C, D member and C, D, E member, reflecting the characteristics of the transition from high to low fluidity. On the basis of the grain analysis of the maturity, sorting, transportation and sedimentary forms of the material composition of Langjiexue Group, the authors consider that the grain size curves of Langjiexue Group are similar to those of Hudson turbidite fan and modern deep-sea Aristoa fan. And it belongs to the turbidite depositional type in gravity flow deposits, indicating that Langjiexue Group was formed in continental slope environment.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 58-64 [Abstract] ( 386 ) RICH HTML PDF (9402 KB)  ( 118 )
65 Discussion on the revision method of 1:50 000 regional geological survey achievement maps: Take the revision of 39 regional geological survey maps of Anhui Province as an example
WANG Yafei, LIU Lili, LIU Jiayun, LIU Jun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.08
Geological map is the core carrier of the display of basic geological work. However, the compilation standards for geological maps in different periods are not uniform, and there are also problems of adjacent sheets junction. Thus it is necessary to update these maps, which otherwise will bring considerable inconvenience for users. In order to solve these problems, unified stratigraphic classification, expression and marks were adopted during the process of systematically revising the 1:50 000 regional geological survey maps in Anhui Province. The revision principles were put forward as ‘respecting the original work, following the norms, not leaking information, unitary expressing, reading clearly and easily, revising beautifully and harmoniously’. The common problems in the process of revision were analyzed, and the revision process was created as ‘digitization →verification and problem processing→explanatory notes update’, which solved the problems of lacking detailed process guidance during the geological map revision. The geological map has been upgraded after revision, and the latest geological achievements have been integrated without mistakes and omissions, which makes these maps unitary and easy reading. The revised maps improved the service capacity of the “geological cloud” basic geological data sharing platform, and meet the needs of systematical managing, using and sharing of results data.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 65-71 [Abstract] ( 496 ) RICH HTML PDF (6988 KB)  ( 162 )
72 New recognition of Gaxue Formation and Zedang Formation in Yalu Tsangpo Suture Zone
ZHANG Xinquan, WANG Jingui, ZHANG Zhenli, ZHUAN Shaopeng, ZHANG Liguo, CHENG Zhou, DENG Ke, HE Jiaoyue
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.09
On the basis of the 1:50 000 regional geological survey, the authors comprehensively studied Gaxue Formation and Zedang Formation in North Yalu Tsangpo Suture Zone, and compared their petrogeochemical parameters and tectonic environment with ophiolite. Combined with paleontological and high-precision isotope dating analysis, it is preliminarily considered that Gaxue Formation, Zedang Formation and ophiolite are products of different genetic types. Gaxue Formation and Zedang Formation were formed in the intra-oceanic arc tectonic environment from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, and belonged to the front arc basalt (FAB type) which was the standard oceanic plate stratigraphic sequence. In the late subduction and collision process, the main body of Gaxue Formation and Zedang Formation was transformed into melange or existed in the melange belt in the form of a broken clip (block), mainly as the structure styles in subduction and accretionary complex zones. This understanding is of great geological tectonic significance for the rational restoration and establishment of the northern belt oceanic plate stratigraphic sequence of Yalu Tsangpo Suture Zone.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 72-80 [Abstract] ( 362 ) RICH HTML PDF (11718 KB)  ( 140 )
81 Construction and application of coastal zone image map based on uncontrolled point technology
CHEN Jie, LI Jing, LI Qi, LI Tianqi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.10
Using the tight connection of direct geolocation technique and large-scale digital aerial photography system, the authors carried out the high-precision aerial remote sensing survey in Binhai New Area of Tianjin and Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan, West Bohai Bay. The application of uncontrolled point technology gets rid of the dependence on the base station for aerial remote sensing, and also overcomes the shortcoming of the rarity of ground stations in the surrounding areas of the coastal zone. Utilizing the 0.3 m high-resolution true-color aerial photography images and high-precision positioning and orientation elements, the authors have successfully constructed the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), which meet the requirements of 1:10 000 scale indexes in plane and altitude. These fill the gap in the basic geological information of high-precision aerial remote sensing in Binhai New Area and the intertidal belt of Caofeidian Coastal Zone. On the basis of high-resolution satellite data, remote sensing interpretation has been used for land type classification and coastline extraction, which provides detailed and reliable geographic information for the thematic maps of remote sensing geological interpretation, geological ecological environment and disasters. The results show that the application of tightly coupled airborne position and orientation system (POS) and uncontrolled technology shortens the mapping cycle of DEM and DOM, reduces a lot of ground measurement workload and saves manpower and material expenditure. The research can provide some new technical support and working ideas for geological survey in coastal zone working areas.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 81-88 [Abstract] ( 369 ) RICH HTML PDF (8466 KB)  ( 279 )
89 Geochemical evaluation of cultivated soil elements in Pucheng County of Fujian Province
MA Xiao, CHEN Zhixian, LIN Liangui, WANG Biao, DUN Yanran
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.11
Pucheng County in Fujian Province is an important production area of rice and barley. The soil environmental quality and the content of beneficial nutrients directly affect the yield of crops and the quality of products. Based on the 1:50,000 soil geochemical survey results in Pucheng County, the plant essential nutrient elements, heavy metal elements, and beneficial element Se in the study area were evaluated according to the relevant standards and norms, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of high-quality land in the study area, the planting of featured agricultural products and the construction of high-standard farmland. The evaluation results show that: Essential macro elements of organic matter,N and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen are generally in rich-moderate state; P is generally in moderate-deficient state, and rapid available phosphorus is in deficient-very deficient state. K and rapid available potassium is in abundant state. Essential moderate element S is generally in rich-moderate state. Essential trace elements Fe, B and Mn are in a state of great deficiency. Mo is generally in very rich-rich state, and Zn and Cl are also mainly in very rich-rich state. Beneficial element Se is in an appropriate state, and the soil area rich in selenium is 6.41 km2. Overall, the heavy metal elements in the soil of Pucheng County have reached the first grade soil environmental quality standard and have the ecological conditions for the development of healthy agricultural products.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 89-94 [Abstract] ( 399 ) RICH HTML PDF (7863 KB)  ( 168 )
95 Suitability evaluation of rural residential areas under the threat of geological disasters:A case study in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City
LIU Teng, REN Guangming, WANG Meng, YU Tianbin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.12
At present, the research on the layout of rural residential areas in the mountainous environment under the threat of earthquake disasters and frequent geological disasters is still rare. Taking Yinchanggou watershed in Longmenshan Town of Pengzhou City as an example, based on the summary of the geological hazard development characteristics in this area, the authors carried out the hazard risk zoning through 8 indexes. Then the geological hazard risk zoning was used as the primary factor to evaluate the suitability of rural residential areas. Besides, combined with the topographical conditions, socio-economic situation and ecological environment, a suitable evaluation index system for rural residential land under the threat of geological disasters was constructed, with the restrictive conditions of extremely high-risk areas, single geological hazards, slopes ≥25° and basic farmland protection areas. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the suitability of residential land in Yinchanggou watershed of Pengzhou City. The results show that high suitability areas account for 4.2% of the total area of the study area, moderate suitability areas 11.4%, low suitability areas 10.5%, and unsuitable areas 73.8%. The “suitable” areas for rural residential land are mainly distributed along the highway, and some are multiple “blocky” concentrated distribution areas. The terrain is flat and the traffic condition is convenient, which can provide some guidance for the selection of new rural residential locations.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 95-100 [Abstract] ( 398 ) RICH HTML PDF (5341 KB)  ( 173 )
101 Application of pre-stack elastic parameters inversion and FFP analysis techniques in the exploitation of A gas field, East China Sea
LI Bingying, WANG Wei, HUANG Xin, CHEN Bo, ZHANG Xinan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2020.02.13
The main reservoirs of A gas field in Xihu sag of East China Sea Basin are sand bodies deposited by distributary channels of the shallow delta, with quick lateral variation and strong heterogeneity. Therefore, it is risky in the implementation of development wells. Moreover, the P-wave impedance values of sandstone and shale in the target layer are superimposed, so it is impossible to distinguish the lithology and detect hydrocarbon based on the attribute analysis of post-stack seismic and P-wave impedance inversion technology. Based on the determination of lithology and fluid sensitive elastic parameters by rock physics analysis, the authors predicted the lithology by the pre-stack elastic parameter inversion technology, and quantitatively predicted the probability of hydrocarbons by FFP analysis technology. These two techniques have achieved good results in the development of A gas field. The main channel sand body shape was clearly depicted by the vp/vs obtained from pre-stack inversion, which guided the optimization of horizontal well and resulted in high sandstone penetration rate of 95%. The spatial probability distribution of gas-bearing sand bodies as predicted by FFP analysis based on the combination of vp/vs and P-wave impedance, so the potential gas reservoirs were predicted and the adjustment well was guided to tap the potential gas successfully. These two techniques have good application value for reservoir description and potential hydrocarbon prediction of P-wave impedance superimposed reservoirs in the oil and gas field of East China Sea.
2020 Vol. 7 (2): 101-108 [Abstract] ( 416 ) RICH HTML PDF (18219 KB)  ( 145 )
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